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Comparison of Estimates between Cohort and Case–Control Studies in Meta-Analyses of Therapeutic Interventions: A Meta-Epidemiological Study

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  • Amy Lanza
  • Philippe Ravaud
  • Carolina Riveros
  • Agnes Dechartres

Abstract

Background: Observational studies are increasingly being used for assessing therapeutic interventions. Case–control studies are generally considered to have greater risk of bias than cohort studies, but we lack evidence of differences in effect estimates between the 2 study types. We aimed to compare estimates between cohort and case–control studies in meta-analyses of observational studies of therapeutic interventions by using a meta-epidemiological study. Methods: We used a random sample of meta-analyses of therapeutic interventions published in 2013 that included both cohort and case–control studies assessing a binary outcome. For each meta-analysis, the ratio of estimates (RE) was calculated by comparing the estimate in case–control studies to that in cohort studies. Then, we used random-effects meta-analysis to estimate a combined RE across meta-analyses. An RE

Suggested Citation

  • Amy Lanza & Philippe Ravaud & Carolina Riveros & Agnes Dechartres, 2016. "Comparison of Estimates between Cohort and Case–Control Studies in Meta-Analyses of Therapeutic Interventions: A Meta-Epidemiological Study," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(5), pages 1-12, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0154877
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154877
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Su Golder & Yoon K Loke & Martin Bland, 2013. "Comparison of Pooled Risk Estimates for Adverse Effects from Different Observational Study Designs: Methodological Overview," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 8(8), pages 1-9, August.
    2. Su Golder & Yoon K Loke & Martin Bland, 2011. "Meta-analyses of Adverse Effects Data Derived from Randomised Controlled Trials as Compared to Observational Studies: Methodological Overview," PLOS Medicine, Public Library of Science, vol. 8(5), pages 1-13, May.
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