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Adaptation and Latent Structure of the Swahili Version of Beck Depression Inventory-II in a Low Literacy Population in the Context of HIV

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Listed:
  • Amina Abubakar
  • Raphael Birya Kalu
  • Khamis Katana
  • Beatrice Kabunda
  • Amin S Hassan
  • Charles R Newton
  • Fons Van de Vijver

Abstract

Objective: We set out to adapt the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)-II in Kenya and examine its factorial structure. Methods: In the first phase we carried out in-depth interviews involving 29 adult members of the community to elicit their understanding of depression and identify aspects of the BDI-II that required adaptation. In the second phase, a modified version of BDI-II was administered to 221 adults randomly selected from the community to allow for the evaluation of its psychometric properties. In the third phase of the study we evaluated the discriminative validity of BDI-11 by comparing a randomly chosen community sample (n = 29) with caregivers of adolescents affected by HIV (n = 77). Results: A considerable overlap between the BDI symptoms and those generated in the interviews was observed. Relevant idioms and symptoms such as ‘thinking too much’ and ‘Kuchoka moyo (having a tired heart)’ were identified. The administration of the BDI had to be modified to make it suitable for the low literacy levels of our participants. Fit indices for several models (one factorial, two-factor model and a three factor model) were all within acceptable range. Evidence indicated that while multidimensional models could be fitted, the strong correlations between the factors implied that a single factor model may be the best suited solution (alpha [0.89], and a significant correlation with locally identified items [r = 0.51]) confirmed the good psychometric properties of the adapted BDI-II. No evidence was found to support the hypothesis that somatization was more prevalent. Lastly, caregivers of HIV affected adolescents had significantly higher scores compared to adults randomly selected from the community F(1, 121) = 23.31, p

Suggested Citation

  • Amina Abubakar & Raphael Birya Kalu & Khamis Katana & Beatrice Kabunda & Amin S Hassan & Charles R Newton & Fons Van de Vijver, 2016. "Adaptation and Latent Structure of the Swahili Version of Beck Depression Inventory-II in a Low Literacy Population in the Context of HIV," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(6), pages 1-15, June.
  • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0151030
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151030
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Dianne van Hemert & Fons van de Vijver & Ype Poortinga, 2002. "The Beck Depression Inventory as a Measure of Subjective Well-Being: A Cross-National Study," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 3(3), pages 257-286, September.
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    Cited by:

    1. Michael L Goodman & Aleisha J Elliott & Stanley Gitari & Philip Keiser & Erica Onwuegbuchu & Nicole Michael & Sarah Seidel, 2021. "Come Together to Decrease Depression: Women’s mental health, social capital, and participation in a Kenyan combined microfinance program," International Journal of Social Psychiatry, , vol. 67(6), pages 613-621, September.

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