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Social Participation and the Prevention of Decline in Effectance among Community-Dwelling Elderly: A Population-Based Cohort Study

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  • Kimiko Tomioka
  • Norio Kurumatani
  • Hiroshi Hosoi

Abstract

Background: We examined the association between a decline in effectance and social participation (SP) from the perspective of the number and the type of SP in a prospective cohort study. Methods: Included in this analysis were community-dwelling elderly aged ≥65 without dependency on the basic activities of daily living and reporting a perfect baseline effectance score (n = 4,588; mean age 72.8±5.7). SP was categorized into 5 types: neighborhood associations, hobby groups, local event groups, senior citizen clubs, and volunteer groups. Effectance was evaluated using the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology Index of Competence. Using logistic regression analysis, odds ratio (OR) and a 95% confidence interval (CI) for a decline in effectance were calculated. Age, family, BMI, pensions, medical history, medications, alcohol, smoking, cognitive function, depression, social support, ADL, and IADL were used as covariates. Results: During the 3-year follow-up, 17.8% of eligible participants reported a decline in effectance. After adjustment for covariates, participation in various groups was associated with the preservation of effectance for both genders. Regarding the type of SP, among females, participation in neighborhood associations (OR: 0.62, 95%CI: 0.48–0.81), hobby groups (0.58, 0.43–0.77), local event groups (0.63, 0.47–0.86), and volunteer groups (0.53, 0.35–0.82) was inversely associated with a decline in effectance. Among males, the beneficial effect was more likely limited to hobby groups (0.59, 0.43–0.81) and volunteer groups (0.57, 0.39–0.83). Conclusions: Our results suggest that participation in a variety of social groups is effective for maintenance of older people’s effectance, while the beneficial effect of each type of SP on effectance is stronger for females than for males. Recommending community-dwelling elderly to participate in social groups appropriate for their gender may be effective for successful aging.

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  • Kimiko Tomioka & Norio Kurumatani & Hiroshi Hosoi, 2015. "Social Participation and the Prevention of Decline in Effectance among Community-Dwelling Elderly: A Population-Based Cohort Study," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(9), pages 1-13, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0139065
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139065
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    2. Gyeong-Suk Jeon & Kyung-Won Choi & Kwang-Sim Jang, 2020. "Social Networking Site Usage and Its’ Impact on Depressive Symptoms among Older Men and Women in South Korea," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(8), pages 1-11, April.
    3. Ana Gil-Lacruz & Marta Gil-Lacruz & María Isabel Saz-Gil, 2020. "Socially Active Aging and Self-Reported Health: Building a Sustainable Solidarity Ecosystem," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-16, March.
    4. Jongnam Hwang & Sangmin Park & Sujin Kim, 2018. "Effects of Participation in Social Activities on Cognitive Function Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults in Korea," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-12, October.
    5. Dai Su & Zhifang Chen & Jingjing Chang & Guangwen Gong & Dandan Guo & Min Tan & Yunfan Zhang & Yanchen Liu & Xinlan Chen & Xinlin Chen & Yingchun Chen, 2020. "Effect of Social Participation on the Physical Functioning and Depression of Empty-Nest Elderly in China: Evidence from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey (CHARLS)," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(24), pages 1-15, December.

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