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Age at Which Larvae Are Orphaned Determines Their Development into Typical or Rebel Workers in the Honeybee (Apis mellifera L.)

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  • Karolina Kuszewska
  • Michal Woyciechowski

Abstract

In the honeybee, diploid larvae fed with royal jelly develop into reproductive queens, whereas larvae fed with royal jelly for three days only and subsequently with honey and pollen develop into facultatively sterile workers. A recent study showed that worker larvae fed in a queenless colony develop into another female polyphenic form: rebel workers. These rebel workers are more queenlike and have greater reproductive potential than normal workers. However, it was unclear whether larvae orphaned at any time during their feeding period can develop into rebels. To answer this question, the anatomical features of newly emerged workers reared in queenless conditions at different ages during the larval period were evaluated. Our results showed that larvae orphaned during the final four or more days of their feeding life develop into rebel workers with more ovarioles in their ovaries, smaller hypopharyngeal glands, and larger mandibular and Dufour’s glands compared with typical workers with low reproductive potential that were reared with a queen or orphaned at the third to last or a later day of feeding life.

Suggested Citation

  • Karolina Kuszewska & Michal Woyciechowski, 2015. "Age at Which Larvae Are Orphaned Determines Their Development into Typical or Rebel Workers in the Honeybee (Apis mellifera L.)," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(4), pages 1-12, April.
  • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0123404
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123404
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    1. Gro V. Amdam & Angela Csondes & M. Kim Fondrk & Robert E. Page, 2006. "Complex social behaviour derived from maternal reproductive traits," Nature, Nature, vol. 439(7072), pages 76-78, January.
    2. Sarah D. Kocher & Freddie-Jeanne Richard & David R. Tarpy & Christina M. Grozinger, 2009. "Queen reproductive state modulates pheromone production and queen-worker interactions in honeybees," Behavioral Ecology, International Society for Behavioral Ecology, vol. 20(5), pages 1007-1014.
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