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Household Expenditure for Dental Care in Low and Middle Income Countries

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  • Mohd Masood
  • Aubrey Sheiham
  • Eduardo Bernabé

Abstract

This study assessed the extent of household catastrophic expenditure in dental health care and its possible determinants in 41 low and middle income countries. Data from 182,007 respondents aged 18 years and over (69,315 in 18 low income countries, 59,645 in 15 lower middle income countries and 53,047 in 8 upper middle income countries) who participated in the WHO World Health Survey (WHS) were analyzed. Expenditure in dental health care was defined as catastrophic if it was equal to or higher than 40% of the household capacity to pay. A number of individual and country-level factors were assessed as potential determinants of catastrophic dental health expenditure (CDHE) in multilevel logistic regression with individuals nested within countries. Up to 7% of households in low and middle income countries faced CDHE in the last 4 weeks. This proportion rose up to 35% among households that incurred some dental health expenditure within the same period. The multilevel model showed that wealthier, urban and larger households and more economically developed countries had higher odds of facing CDHE. The results of this study show that payments for dental health care can be a considerable burden on households, to the extent of preventing expenditure on basic necessities. They also help characterize households more likely to incur catastrophic expenditure on dental health care. Alternative health care financing strategies and policies targeted to improve fairness in financial contribution are urgently required in low and middle income countries.

Suggested Citation

  • Mohd Masood & Aubrey Sheiham & Eduardo Bernabé, 2015. "Household Expenditure for Dental Care in Low and Middle Income Countries," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(4), pages 1-11, April.
  • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0123075
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123075
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Mohammadreza Amiresmaili & Zahra Emrani, 2019. "Investigating the exposure of Iranian households to catastrophic health expenditure due to the need to purchase medicines," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 14(4), pages 1-11, April.
    2. Yerramilli, Pooja & Fernández, Óscar & Thomson, Sarah, 2018. "Financial protection in Europe: a systematic review of the literature and mapping of data availability," Health Policy, Elsevier, vol. 122(5), pages 493-508.
    3. Xiangyu Sun & Eduardo Bernabé & Xuenan Liu & Jennifer Elizabeth Gallagher & Shuguo Zheng, 2016. "Determinants of Catastrophic Dental Health Expenditure in China," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(12), pages 1-12, December.
    4. Diego Proaño Falconi & Eduardo Bernabé, 2018. "Determinants of catastrophic healthcare expenditure in Peru," International Journal of Health Economics and Management, Springer, vol. 18(4), pages 425-436, December.
    5. Nam-Hee Kim & Se-Hwan Jung & Ichiro Kawachi, 2021. "Did Expanded Dental Insurance Reduce Out-of-Pocket Expenditures on Dental Care among Older Adults in Korea? Interrupted Time-Series Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(6), pages 1-9, March.

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