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Source Apportionment and Risk Assessment of Emerging Contaminants: An Approach of Pharmaco-Signature in Water Systems

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  • Jheng Jie Jiang
  • Chon Lin Lee
  • Meng Der Fang
  • Kenneth G Boyd
  • Stuart W Gibb

Abstract

This paper presents a methodology based on multivariate data analysis for characterizing potential source contributions of emerging contaminants (ECs) detected in 26 river water samples across multi-scape regions during dry and wet seasons. Based on this methodology, we unveil an approach toward potential source contributions of ECs, a concept we refer to as the “Pharmaco-signature.” Exploratory analysis of data points has been carried out by unsupervised pattern recognition (hierarchical cluster analysis, HCA) and receptor model (principal component analysis-multiple linear regression, PCA-MLR) in an attempt to demonstrate significant source contributions of ECs in different land-use zone. Robust cluster solutions grouped the database according to different EC profiles. PCA-MLR identified that 58.9% of the mean summed ECs were contributed by domestic impact, 9.7% by antibiotics application, and 31.4% by drug abuse. Diclofenac, ibuprofen, codeine, ampicillin, tetracycline, and erythromycin-H2O have significant pollution risk quotients (RQ>1), indicating potentially high risk to aquatic organisms in Taiwan.

Suggested Citation

  • Jheng Jie Jiang & Chon Lin Lee & Meng Der Fang & Kenneth G Boyd & Stuart W Gibb, 2015. "Source Apportionment and Risk Assessment of Emerging Contaminants: An Approach of Pharmaco-Signature in Water Systems," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(4), pages 1-21, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0122813
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122813
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