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Comparative Meta-Analysis of Tuberculosis Contact Investigation Interventions in Eleven High Burden Countries

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  • Lucie Blok
  • Suvanand Sahu
  • Jacob Creswell
  • Sandra Alba
  • Robert Stevens
  • Mirjam I Bakker

Abstract

Background: Screening of household contacts of tuberculosis (TB) patients is a recommended strategy to improve early case detection. While it has been widely implemented in low prevalence countries, the most optimal protocols for contact investigation in high prevalence, low resource settings is yet to be determined. This study evaluated contact investigation interventions in eleven lower and middle income countries and reviewed the association between context or program-related factors and the yield of cases among contacts. Methods: We reviewed data from nineteen first wave TB REACH funded projects piloting innovations to improve case detection. These nineteen had fulfilled the eligibility criteria: contact investigation implementation and complete data reporting. We performed a cross-sectional analysis of the percentage yield and case notifications for each project. Implementation strategies were delineated and the association between independent variables and yield was analyzed by fitting a random effects logistic regression. Findings: Overall, the nineteen interventions screened 139,052 household contacts, showing great heterogeneity in the percentage yield of microscopy confirmed cases (SS+), ranging from 0.1% to 6.2%). Compared to the most restrictive testing criteria (at least two weeks of cough) the aOR’s for lesser (any TB related symptom) and least (all contacts) restrictive testing criteria were 1.71 (95%CI 0.94−3.13) and 6.90 (95% CI 3.42−13.93) respectively. The aOR for inclusion of SS- and extra-pulmonary TB was 0.31 (95% CI 0.15−0.62) compared to restricting index cases to SS+ TB. Contact investigation contributed between

Suggested Citation

  • Lucie Blok & Suvanand Sahu & Jacob Creswell & Sandra Alba & Robert Stevens & Mirjam I Bakker, 2015. "Comparative Meta-Analysis of Tuberculosis Contact Investigation Interventions in Eleven High Burden Countries," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(3), pages 1-18, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0119822
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119822
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    1. Jacob Creswell & Suvanand Sahu & Lucie Blok & Mirjam I Bakker & Robert Stevens & Lucica Ditiu, 2014. "A Multi-Site Evaluation of Innovative Approaches to Increase Tuberculosis Case Notification: Summary Results," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 9(4), pages 1-11, April.
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    1. A Sanaie & C Mergenthaler & A Nasrat & M K Seddiq & S D Mahmoodi & R H Stevens & J Creswell, 2016. "An Evaluation of Passive and Active Approaches to Improve Tuberculosis Notifications in Afghanistan," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(10), pages 1-12, October.

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    2. A Sanaie & C Mergenthaler & A Nasrat & M K Seddiq & S D Mahmoodi & R H Stevens & J Creswell, 2016. "An Evaluation of Passive and Active Approaches to Improve Tuberculosis Notifications in Afghanistan," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(10), pages 1-12, October.

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