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Structural Alterations of the Social Brain: A Comparison between Schizophrenia and Autism

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  • Daniel Radeloff
  • Angela Ciaramidaro
  • Michael Siniatchkin
  • Daniela Hainz
  • Sabine Schlitt
  • Bernhard Weber
  • Fritz Poustka
  • Sven Bölte
  • Henrik Walter
  • Christine Margarete Freitag

Abstract

Autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia share a substantial number of etiologic and phenotypic characteristics. Still, no direct comparison of both disorders has been performed to identify differences and commonalities in brain structure. In this voxel based morphometry study, 34 patients with autism spectrum disorder, 21 patients with schizophrenia and 26 typically developed control subjects were included to identify global and regional brain volume alterations. No global gray matter or white matter differences were found between groups. In regional data, patients with autism spectrum disorder compared to typically developed control subjects showed smaller gray matter volume in the amygdala, insula, and anterior medial prefrontal cortex. Compared to patients with schizophrenia, patients with autism spectrum disorder displayed smaller gray matter volume in the left insula. Disorder specific positive correlations were found between mentalizing ability and left amygdala volume in autism spectrum disorder, and hallucinatory behavior and insula volume in schizophrenia. Results suggest the involvement of social brain areas in both disorders. Further studies are needed to replicate these findings and to quantify the amount of distinct and overlapping neural correlates in autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia.

Suggested Citation

  • Daniel Radeloff & Angela Ciaramidaro & Michael Siniatchkin & Daniela Hainz & Sabine Schlitt & Bernhard Weber & Fritz Poustka & Sven Bölte & Henrik Walter & Christine Margarete Freitag, 2014. "Structural Alterations of the Social Brain: A Comparison between Schizophrenia and Autism," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 9(9), pages 1-9, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0106539
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106539
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Charlton Cheung & Kevin Yu & Germaine Fung & Meikei Leung & Clive Wong & Qi Li & Pak Sham & Siew Chua & Gráinne McAlonan, 2010. "Autistic Disorders and Schizophrenia: Related or Remote? An Anatomical Likelihood Estimation," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 5(8), pages 1-8, August.
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