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Interaction of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution with Industrialisation and the Landscape Pattern in Taiyuan City, China

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  • Yong Liu
  • Chao Su
  • Hong Zhang
  • Xiaoting Li
  • Jingfei Pei

Abstract

Many studies indicated that industrialization and urbanization caused serious soil heavy metal pollution from industrialized age. However, fewer previous studies have conducted a combined analysis of the landscape pattern, urbanization, industrialization, and heavy metal pollution. This paper was aimed at exploring the relationships of heavy metals in the soil (Pb, Cu, Ni, As, Cd, Cr, Hg, and Zn) with landscape pattern, industrialisation, urbanisation in Taiyuan city using multivariate analysis. The multivariate analysis included correlation analysis, analysis of variance (ANOVA), independent-sample T test, and principal component analysis (PCA). Geographic information system (GIS) was also applied to determine the spatial distribution of the heavy metals. The spatial distribution maps showed that the heavy metal pollution of the soil was more serious in the centre of the study area. The results of the multivariate analysis indicated that the correlations among heavy metals were significant, and industrialisation could significantly affect the concentrations of some heavy metals. Landscape diversity showed a significant negative correlation with the heavy metal concentrations. The PCA showed that a two-factor model for heavy metal pollution, industrialisation, and the landscape pattern could effectively demonstrate the relationships between these variables. The model explained 86.71% of the total variance of the data. Moreover, the first factor was mainly loaded with the comprehensive pollution index (P), and the second factor was primarily loaded with landscape diversity and dominance (H and D). An ordination of 80 samples could show the pollution pattern of all the samples. The results revealed that local industrialisation caused heavy metal pollution of the soil, but such pollution could respond negatively to the landscape pattern. The results of the study could provide a basis for agricultural, suburban, and urban planning.

Suggested Citation

  • Yong Liu & Chao Su & Hong Zhang & Xiaoting Li & Jingfei Pei, 2014. "Interaction of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution with Industrialisation and the Landscape Pattern in Taiyuan City, China," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 9(9), pages 1-14, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0105798
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105798
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    Cited by:

    1. Xiaohui Lu & Yantong Wei & Jianglin Ren & Haitao Zhang & Yang Yang, 2022. "Study on Water-Heat-Solution Transport Law in Cr(VI)-Contaminated Soil during Electric Remediation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-28, July.
    2. Shuai Song & Yuanjie Li & Lin Li & Maoyong Liu & Jing Li & Liang Wang & Chao Su, 2018. "Arsenic and Heavy Metal Accumulation and Risk Assessment in Soils around Mining Areas: The Urad Houqi Area in Arid Northwest China as an Example," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-17, October.

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