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Spatially Distributed Effects of Mental Exhaustion on Resting-State FMRI Networks

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  • Fabrizio Esposito
  • Tobias Otto
  • Fred R H Zijlstra
  • Rainer Goebel

Abstract

Brain activity during rest is spatially coherent over functional connectivity networks called resting-state networks. In resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging, independent component analysis yields spatially distributed network representations reflecting distinct mental processes, such as intrinsic (default) or extrinsic (executive) attention, and sensory inhibition or excitation. These aspects can be related to different treatments or subjective experiences. Among these, exhaustion is a common psychological state induced by prolonged mental performance. Using repeated functional magnetic resonance imaging sessions and spatial independent component analysis, we explored the effect of several hours of sustained cognitive performances on the resting human brain. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging was performed on the same healthy volunteers in two days, with and without, and before, during and after, an intensive psychological treatment (skill training and sustained practice with a flight simulator). After each scan, subjects rated their level of exhaustion and performed an N-back task to evaluate eventual decrease in cognitive performance. Spatial maps of selected resting-state network components were statistically evaluated across time points to detect possible changes induced by the sustained mental performance. The intensive treatment had a significant effect on exhaustion and effort ratings, but no effects on N-back performances. Significant changes in the most exhausted state were observed in the early visual processing and the anterior default mode networks (enhancement) and in the fronto-parietal executive networks (suppression), suggesting that mental exhaustion is associated with a more idling brain state and that internal attention processes are facilitated to the detriment of more extrinsic processes. The described application may inspire future indicators of the level of fatigue in the neural attention system.

Suggested Citation

  • Fabrizio Esposito & Tobias Otto & Fred R H Zijlstra & Rainer Goebel, 2014. "Spatially Distributed Effects of Mental Exhaustion on Resting-State FMRI Networks," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 9(4), pages 1-13, April.
  • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0094222
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094222
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Anna Barnes & Edward T Bullmore & John Suckling, 2009. "Endogenous Human Brain Dynamics Recover Slowly Following Cognitive Effort," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 4(8), pages 1-6, August.
    2. Omer Grigg & Cheryl L Grady, 2010. "Task-Related Effects on the Temporal and Spatial Dynamics of Resting-State Functional Connectivity in the Default Network," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 5(10), pages 1-12, October.
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    Cited by:

    1. Valdes Salvador & Gonzalo ValdesEdwards, 2023. "Microfoundations of Expected Utility and Response Times," Papers 2302.09421, arXiv.org.
    2. Tobias Otto & Fred R H Zijlstra & Rainer Goebel, 2018. "Feeling the force: Changes in a left-lateralized network of brain areas under simulated workday conditions are reflected in subjective mental effort investment," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 13(6), pages 1-21, June.
    3. Ramtin Zargari Marandi & Pascal Madeleine & Øyvind Omland & Nicolas Vuillerme & Afshin Samani, 2019. "An oculometrics-based biofeedback system to impede fatigue development during computer work: A proof-of-concept study," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 14(5), pages 1-24, May.

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