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A Novel Approach to Solve the “Missing Marker Problem” in Marker-Based Motion Analysis That Exploits the Segment Coordination Patterns in Multi-Limb Motion Data

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  • Peter Andreas Federolf

Abstract

Marker-based human motion analysis is an important tool in clinical research and in many practical applications. Missing marker information caused by occlusions or a marker falling off is a common problem impairing data quality. The current paper proposes a conceptually new gap filling algorithm and presents results from a proof-of-principle analysis. The underlying idea of the proposed algorithm was that a multitude of internal and external constraints govern human motion and lead to a highly subject-specific movement pattern in which all motion variables are intercorrelated in a specific way. Two principal component analyses were used to determine how the coordinates of a marker with gaps correlated with the coordinates of the other, gap-free markers. Missing marker data could then be reconstructed through a series of coordinate transformations. The proposed algorithm was tested by reconstructing artificially created gaps in a 20-step walking trial and in an 18-s one-leg balance trial. The measurement accuracy’s dependence on the marker position, the length of the gap, and other parameters were evaluated. Even if only 2 steps of walking or 1.8 s of postural sway (10% of the whole marker data) were provided as input in the current study, the reconstructed marker trajectory differed on average no more than 11 mm from the originally measured trajectory. The reconstructed result improved further, on average, to distances below 5 mm if the marker trajectory was available more than 50% of the trial. The results of this proof-of-principle analysis supported the assumption that missing marker information can be reconstructed from the intercorrelations between marker coordinates, provided that sufficient data with complete marker information is available. Estimating missing information cannot be avoided entirely in many situations in human motion analysis. For some of these situations, the proposed reconstruction method may provide a better solution than what is currently available.

Suggested Citation

  • Peter Andreas Federolf, 2013. "A Novel Approach to Solve the “Missing Marker Problem” in Marker-Based Motion Analysis That Exploits the Segment Coordination Patterns in Multi-Limb Motion Data," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 8(10), pages 1-13, October.
  • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0078689
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078689
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Samuel J. Howarth & Jack P. Callaghan, 2010. "Quantitative assessment of the accuracy for three interpolation techniques in kinematic analysis of human movement," Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 13(6), pages 847-855.
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    Cited by:

    1. Mickaël Tits & Joëlle Tilmanne & Thierry Dutoit, 2018. "Robust and automatic motion-capture data recovery using soft skeleton constraints and model averaging," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 13(7), pages 1-21, July.
    2. Arunee Promsri & Alessia Longo & Thomas Haid & Aude-Clémence M. Doix & Peter Federolf, 2019. "Leg Dominance as a Risk Factor for Lower-Limb Injuries in Downhill Skiers—A Pilot Study into Possible Mechanisms," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(18), pages 1-15, September.
    3. Inge Werner & Monika Peer-Kratzer & Maurice Mohr & Steven van-Andel & Peter Federolf, 2022. "Intervention for Better Knee Alignment during Jump Landing: Is There an Effect of Internally vs. Externally Focused Instructions?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(17), pages 1-10, August.

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    1. Øyvind Gløersen & Peter Federolf, 2016. "Predicting Missing Marker Trajectories in Human Motion Data Using Marker Intercorrelations," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(3), pages 1-14, March.
    2. Mickaël Tits & Joëlle Tilmanne & Thierry Dutoit, 2018. "Robust and automatic motion-capture data recovery using soft skeleton constraints and model averaging," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 13(7), pages 1-21, July.

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