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Absence of Complementary Sex Determination in the Parasitoid Wasp Genus Asobara (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

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  • Wen-Juan Ma
  • Bram Kuijper
  • Jetske G de Boer
  • Louis van de Zande
  • Leo W Beukeboom
  • Bregje Wertheim
  • Bart A Pannebakker

Abstract

An attractive way to improve our understanding of sex determination evolution is to study the underlying mechanisms in closely related species and in a phylogenetic perspective. Hymenopterans are well suited owing to the diverse sex determination mechanisms, including different types of Complementary Sex Determination (CSD) and maternal control sex determination. We investigated different types of CSD in four species within the braconid wasp genus Asobara that exhibit diverse life-history traits. Nine to thirteen generations of inbreeding were monitored for diploid male production, brood size, offspring sex ratio, and pupal mortality as indicators for CSD. In addition, simulation models were developed to compare these observations to predicted patterns for multilocus CSD with up to ten loci. The inbreeding regime did not result in diploid male production, decreased brood sizes, substantially increased offspring sex ratios nor in increased pupal mortality. The simulations further allowed us to reject CSD with up to ten loci, which is a strong refutation of the multilocus CSD model. We discuss how the absence of CSD can be reconciled with the variation in life-history traits among Asobara species, and the ramifications for the phylogenetic distribution of sex determination mechanisms in the Hymenoptera.

Suggested Citation

  • Wen-Juan Ma & Bram Kuijper & Jetske G de Boer & Louis van de Zande & Leo W Beukeboom & Bregje Wertheim & Bart A Pannebakker, 2013. "Absence of Complementary Sex Determination in the Parasitoid Wasp Genus Asobara (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 8(4), pages 1-9, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0060459
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060459
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    1. Martin Hasselmann & Tanja Gempe & Morten Schiøtt & Carlos Gustavo Nunes-Silva & Marianne Otte & Martin Beye, 2008. "Evidence for the evolutionary nascence of a novel sex determination pathway in honeybees," Nature, Nature, vol. 454(7203), pages 519-522, July.
    2. Sandra Schmieder & Dominique Colinet & Marylène Poirié, 2012. "Tracing back the nascence of a new sex-determination pathway to the ancestor of bees and ants," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 3(1), pages 1-7, January.
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