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Interdependent Multi-Layer Networks: Modeling and Survivability Analysis with Applications to Space-Based Networks

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  • Jean-Francois Castet
  • Joseph H Saleh

Abstract

This article develops a novel approach and algorithmic tools for the modeling and survivability analysis of networks with heterogeneous nodes, and examines their application to space-based networks. Space-based networks (SBNs) allow the sharing of spacecraft on-orbit resources, such as data storage, processing, and downlink. Each spacecraft in the network can have different subsystem composition and functionality, thus resulting in node heterogeneity. Most traditional survivability analyses of networks assume node homogeneity and as a result, are not suited for the analysis of SBNs. This work proposes that heterogeneous networks can be modeled as interdependent multi-layer networks, which enables their survivability analysis. The multi-layer aspect captures the breakdown of the network according to common functionalities across the different nodes, and it allows the emergence of homogeneous sub-networks, while the interdependency aspect constrains the network to capture the physical characteristics of each node. Definitions of primitives of failure propagation are devised. Formal characterization of interdependent multi-layer networks, as well as algorithmic tools for the analysis of failure propagation across the network are developed and illustrated with space applications. The SBN applications considered consist of several networked spacecraft that can tap into each other's Command and Data Handling subsystem, in case of failure of its own, including the Telemetry, Tracking and Command, the Control Processor, and the Data Handling sub-subsystems. Various design insights are derived and discussed, and the capability to perform trade-space analysis with the proposed approach for various network characteristics is indicated. The select results here shown quantify the incremental survivability gains (with respect to a particular class of threats) of the SBN over the traditional monolith spacecraft. Failure of the connectivity between nodes is also examined, and the results highlight the importance of the reliability of the wireless links between spacecraft (nodes) to enable any survivability improvements for space-based networks.

Suggested Citation

  • Jean-Francois Castet & Joseph H Saleh, 2013. "Interdependent Multi-Layer Networks: Modeling and Survivability Analysis with Applications to Space-Based Networks," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 8(4), pages 1-13, April.
  • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0060402
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060402
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ash, J. & Newth, D., 2007. "Optimizing complex networks for resilience against cascading failure," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 380(C), pages 673-683.
    2. Sergey V. Buldyrev & Roni Parshani & Gerald Paul & H. Eugene Stanley & Shlomo Havlin, 2010. "Catastrophic cascade of failures in interdependent networks," Nature, Nature, vol. 464(7291), pages 1025-1028, April.
    3. Castet, Jean-Francois & Saleh, Joseph H., 2012. "On the concept of survivability, with application to spacecraft and space-based networks," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 99(C), pages 123-138.
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    Cited by:

    1. Chao Zhang & Jingjing Kong & Slobodan P Simonovic, 2018. "Modeling joint restoration strategies for interdependent infrastructure systems," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 13(4), pages 1-18, April.
    2. Dong, Shangjia & Wang, Haizhong & Mostafizi, Alireza & Song, Xuan, 2020. "A network-of-networks percolation analysis of cascading failures in spatially co-located road-sewer infrastructure networks," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 538(C).
    3. Ahmed Ali A. Mohamed, 2019. "On the Rising Interdependency between the Power Grid, ICT Network, and E-Mobility: Modeling and Analysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-17, May.
    4. Simone Caschili & Francesca Medda & Alan Wilson, 2015. "An Interdependent Multi-Layer Model: Resilience of International Networks," Networks and Spatial Economics, Springer, vol. 15(2), pages 313-335, June.

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