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Characterization of Phase-Based Methods Used for Transmission Field Uniformity Mapping: A Magnetic Resonance Study at 3.0 T and 7.0 T

Author

Listed:
  • Flavio Carinci
  • Davide Santoro
  • Federico von Samson-Himmelstjerna
  • Tomasz Dawid Lindel
  • Matthias Alexander Dieringer
  • Thoralf Niendorf

Abstract

Knowledge of the transmission field (B1+) of radio-frequency coils is crucial for high field (B0 = 3.0 T) and ultrahigh field (B0≥7.0 T) magnetic resonance applications to overcome constraints dictated by electrodynamics in the short wavelength regime with the ultimate goal to improve the image quality. For this purpose B1+ mapping methods are used, which are commonly magnitude-based. In this study an analysis of five phase-based methods for three-dimensional mapping of the B1+ field is presented. The five methods are implemented in a 3D gradient-echo technique. Each method makes use of different RF-pulses (composite or off-resonance pulses) to encode the effective intensity of the B1+ field into the phase of the magnetization. The different RF-pulses result in different trajectories of the magnetization, different use of the transverse magnetization and different sensitivities to B1+ inhomogeneities and frequency offsets, as demonstrated by numerical simulations. The characterization of the five methods also includes phantom experiments and in vivo studies of the human brain at 3.0 T and at 7.0 T. It is shown how the characteristics of each method affect the quality of the B1+ maps. Implications for in vivo B1+ mapping at 3.0 T and 7.0 T are discussed.

Suggested Citation

  • Flavio Carinci & Davide Santoro & Federico von Samson-Himmelstjerna & Tomasz Dawid Lindel & Matthias Alexander Dieringer & Thoralf Niendorf, 2013. "Characterization of Phase-Based Methods Used for Transmission Field Uniformity Mapping: A Magnetic Resonance Study at 3.0 T and 7.0 T," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 8(3), pages 1-9, March.
  • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0057982
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057982
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    1. Matthias A Dieringer & Michael Deimling & Davide Santoro & Jens Wuerfel & Vince I Madai & Jan Sobesky & Florian von Knobelsdorff-Brenkenhoff & Jeanette Schulz-Menger & Thoralf Niendorf, 2014. "Rapid Parametric Mapping of the Longitudinal Relaxation Time T1 Using Two-Dimensional Variable Flip Angle Magnetic Resonance Imaging at 1.5 Tesla, 3 Tesla, and 7 Tesla," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 9(3), pages 1-8, March.

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