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Rapid Processing of Both Reward Probability and Reward Uncertainty in the Human Anterior Cingulate Cortex

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  • Rongjun Yu
  • Wu Zhou
  • Xiaolin Zhou

Abstract

Reward probability and uncertainty are two fundamental parameters of decision making. Whereas reward probability indicates the prospect of winning, reward uncertainty, measured as the variance of probability, indicates the degree of risk. Several lines of evidence have suggested that the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) plays an important role in reward processing. What is lacking is a quantitative analysis of the encoding of reward probability and uncertainty in the human ACC. In this study, we addressed this issue by analyzing the feedback-related negativity (FRN), an event-related potential (ERP) component that reflects the ACC activity, in a simple gambling task in which reward probability and uncertainty were parametrically manipulated through predicting cues. Results showed that at the outcome evaluation phase, while both win and loss-related FRN amplitudes increased as the probability of win or loss decreased, only the win-related FRN was modulated by reward uncertainty. This study demonstrates the rapid encoding of reward probability and uncertainty in the human ACC and offers new insights into the functions of the ACC.

Suggested Citation

  • Rongjun Yu & Wu Zhou & Xiaolin Zhou, 2011. "Rapid Processing of Both Reward Probability and Reward Uncertainty in the Human Anterior Cingulate Cortex," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 6(12), pages 1-7, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0029633
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029633
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Levy, H & Markowtiz, H M, 1979. "Approximating Expected Utility by a Function of Mean and Variance," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 69(3), pages 308-317, June.
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    Cited by:

    1. Alexandre Schaefer & Luciano G Buratto & Nobuhiko Goto & Emilie V Brotherhood, 2016. "The Feedback-Related Negativity and the P300 Brain Potential Are Sensitive to Price Expectation Violations in a Virtual Shopping Task," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(9), pages 1-21, September.
    2. Xin, Baohua, 2022. "From Lab Experiments to the Field: The Case of a Price Formation Model Based on Laboratory Findings," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 141(C).
    3. Faisal Mushtaq & Gijsbert Stoet & Amy Rachel Bland & Alexandre Schaefer, 2013. "Relative Changes from Prior Reward Contingencies Can Constrain Brain Correlates of Outcome Monitoring," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 8(6), pages 1-11, June.
    4. Rongjun Yu & Yi Huang, 2013. "A Nickel Ain't Worth a Dime Anymore: The Illusion of Money and the Rapid Encoding of Its True Value," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 8(1), pages 1-8, January.
    5. Qingguo Ma & Yue Hu, 2015. "Beauty Matters: Social Preferences in a Three-Person Ultimatum Game," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(5), pages 1-17, May.
    6. Vincent Man & Jeffrey Cockburn & Oliver Flouty & Phillip E. Gander & Masahiro Sawada & Christopher K. Kovach & Hiroto Kawasaki & Hiroyuki Oya & Matthew A. Howard III & John P. O’Doherty, 2024. "Temporally organized representations of reward and risk in the human brain," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-16, December.

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