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Availability, affordability and stock-outs of commodities for the treatment of snakebite in Kenya

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Listed:
  • Gaby Isabelle Ooms
  • Janneke van Oirschot
  • Dorothy Okemo
  • Benjamin Waldmann
  • Eugene Erulu
  • Aukje K Mantel-Teeuwisse
  • Hendrika A van den Ham
  • Tim Reed

Abstract

Background: Annually, about 2.7 million snakebite envenomings occur globally. Alongside antivenom, patients usually require additional care to treat envenoming symptoms and antivenom side effects. Efforts are underway to improve snakebite care, but evidence from the ground to inform this is scarce. This study, therefore, investigated the availability, affordability, and stock-outs of antivenom and commodities for supportive snakebite care in health facilities across Kenya. Methodology/principal findings: This study used an adaptation of the standardised World Health Organization (WHO)/Health Action International methodology. Data on commodity availability, prices and stock-outs were collected in July-August 2020 from public (n = 85), private (n = 36), and private not-for-profit (n = 12) facilities in Kenya. Stock-outs were measured retrospectively for a twelve-month period, enabling a comparison of a pre-COVID-19 period to stock-outs during COVID-19. Affordability was calculated using the wage of a lowest-paid government worker (LPGW) and the impoverishment approach. Accessibility was assessed combining the WHO availability target (≥80%) and LPGW affordability (

Suggested Citation

  • Gaby Isabelle Ooms & Janneke van Oirschot & Dorothy Okemo & Benjamin Waldmann & Eugene Erulu & Aukje K Mantel-Teeuwisse & Hendrika A van den Ham & Tim Reed, 2021. "Availability, affordability and stock-outs of commodities for the treatment of snakebite in Kenya," PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(8), pages 1-20, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pntd00:0009702
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009702
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Nicholas I Brown, 2012. "Consequences of Neglect: Analysis of the Sub-Saharan African Snake Antivenom Market and the Global Context," PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Public Library of Science, vol. 6(6), pages 1-7, June.
    2. Abdulrazaq G Habib & Baba M Musa & Garba Iliyasu & Muhammad Hamza & Andreas Kuznik & Jean-Philippe Chippaux, 2020. "Challenges and prospects of snake antivenom supply in sub-Saharan Africa," PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Public Library of Science, vol. 14(8), pages 1-10, August.
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