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Factors Associated with Dengue Shock Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Author

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  • Nguyen Tien Huy
  • Tran Van Giang
  • Dinh Ha Duy Thuy
  • Mihoko Kikuchi
  • Tran Tinh Hien
  • Javier Zamora
  • Kenji Hirayama

Abstract

Background: The pathogenesis of dengue shock syndrome (DSS, grade 3 and 4) is not yet completely understood. Several factors are reportedly associated with DSS, a more severe form of dengue infection that reportedly causes 50 times higher mortality compared to that of dengue patients without DSS. However, the results from these reports remain inconclusive. To better understand the epidemiology, clinical manifestation, and pathogenesis of DSS for development of new therapy, we systematically reviewed and performed a meta-analysis of relevant studies that reported factors in both DSS and dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF, grade 1 and 2) patients. Methods and Findings: PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Google Scholar, Dengue Bulletin, Cochrane Library, Virtual Health Library, and a manual search of reference lists of articles published before September 2010 were used to retrieve relevant studies. A meta-analysis using fixed- or random-effects models was used to calculate pooled odds ratios (OR) or event rate with corresponding 95% confidence intervals. Assessment of heterogeneity and publication bias, meta-regression analysis, subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis, and analysis of factor-specific relationships were further performed. There were 198 studies constituting 203 data sets that met our eligibility criteria. Our meta-regression analysis showed a sustained reduction of DSS/dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) ratio over a period of 40 years in Southeast Asia, especially in Thailand. The meta-analysis revealed that age, female sex, neurological signs, nausea/vomiting, abdominal pain, gastrointestinal bleeding, hemoconcentration, ascites, pleural effusion, hypoalbuminemia, hypoproteinemia, hepatomegaly, levels of alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase, thrombocytopenia, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen level, primary/secondary infection, and dengue virus serotype-2 were significantly associated with DSS when pooling all original relevant studies. Conclusions: The results improve our knowledge of the pathogenesis of DSS by identifying the association between the epidemiology, clinical signs, and biomarkers involved in DSS. Author Summary: Dengue is one of the most common viral diseases transmitted by infected mosquitoes. It may range from asymptomatic or self-limiting dengue fever (DF) to severe dengue characterized by plasma leakage (dengue hemorrhagic fever, DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS). Death from dengue infection occurs mostly in DSS, and the mortality of DSS is reportedly 50 times higher compared to that of dengue patients without DSS. Several factors associated with DSS have been reported in individual studies; however, the associations for some factors are not observed consistently across studies. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review of the literature to clarify this issue. The study showed persons with younger age, female sex, neurological signs, nausea/vomiting, abdominal pain, gastrointestinal bleeding, increased hemoconcentration, ascites, pleural effusion, hypoalbuminemia, hypoproteinemia, hepatomegaly, increased level of ALT or AST, thrombocytopenia, coagulation dysregulation, secondary infection, and infection of dengue virus serotype 2 are more likely to have DSS. This result improves our knowledge of the clinical manifestation and pathogenesis of DSS.

Suggested Citation

  • Nguyen Tien Huy & Tran Van Giang & Dinh Ha Duy Thuy & Mihoko Kikuchi & Tran Tinh Hien & Javier Zamora & Kenji Hirayama, 2013. "Factors Associated with Dengue Shock Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Public Library of Science, vol. 7(9), pages 1-15, September.
  • Handle: RePEc:plo:pntd00:0002412
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002412
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    Cited by:

    1. Joshua G X Wong & Tun Linn Thein & Yee-Sin Leo & Junxiong Pang & David C Lye, 2016. "Identifying Adult Dengue Patients at Low Risk for Clinically Significant Bleeding," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(2), pages 1-12, February.
    2. Vipa Thanachartwet & Varunee Desakorn & Duangjai Sahassananda & Akanitt Jittmittraphap & Nittha Oer-areemitr & Sathaporn Osothsomboon & Manoon Surabotsophon & Anan Wattanathum, 2016. "Serum Procalcitonin and Peripheral Venous Lactate for Predicting Dengue Shock and/or Organ Failure: A Prospective Observational Study," PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(8), pages 1-19, August.
    3. Phung Khanh Lam & Tran Van Ngoc & Truong Thi Thu Thuy & Nguyen Thi Hong Van & Tran Thi Nhu Thuy & Dong Thi Hoai Tam & Nguyen Minh Dung & Nguyen Thi Hanh Tien & Nguyen Tan Thanh Kieu & Cameron Simmons , 2017. "The value of daily platelet counts for predicting dengue shock syndrome: Results from a prospective observational study of 2301 Vietnamese children with dengue," PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(4), pages 1-20, April.
    4. Tran Quang Thach & Heba Gamal Eisa & AlMotsim Ben Hmeda & Hazem Faraj & Tieu Minh Thuan & Manal Mahmoud Abdelrahman & Mario Gerges Awadallah & Ha Xuan Nam & Michael Noeske & Jeza Muhamad Abdul Aziz & , 2021. "Predictive markers for the early prognosis of dengue severity: A systematic review and meta-analysis," PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(10), pages 1-25, October.
    5. Kangzhuang Yuan & Yuan Chen & Meifeng Zhong & Yongping Lin & Lidong Liu, 2022. "Risk and predictive factors for severe dengue infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 17(4), pages 1-18, April.
    6. Sangshin Park & Anon Srikiatkhachorn & Siripen Kalayanarooj & Louis Macareo & Sharone Green & Jennifer F Friedman & Alan L Rothman, 2018. "Use of structural equation models to predict dengue illness phenotype," PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Public Library of Science, vol. 12(10), pages 1-14, October.
    7. Su May Liew & Ee Ming Khoo & Bee Kiau Ho & Yew Kong Lee & Mimi Omar & Vickneswari Ayadurai & Fazlina Mohamed Yusoff & Zailiza Suli & Rose Nani Mudin & Pik Pin Goh & Karuthan Chinna, 2016. "Dengue in Malaysia: Factors Associated with Dengue Mortality from a National Registry," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(6), pages 1-14, June.

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