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Ecological Footprint, Environmental Intensity And Income Inequality

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  • Hazrat YOUSAF*
  • Anwar HUSSAIN**
  • Samina KHALIL***

Abstract

This paper examines as to how the resources are used in the form of total ecological and CO2 footprints, environment intensity and income inequality distributed in the period 2003-2011, between high and middle income countries, by using the Atkinson Index. From the findings, it is revealed that high income countries have greater demand for total ecological and CO2 footprints than the middle income countries, which leads to generate more pronounce difference in its per capita income and the environment intensity. The estimated values of Atkinson Index demonstrate that reduction in distribution of environmental intensity and the per capita income inequality in these regions will lead to reduce its demand for total ecological and CO2 footprints and consequently the environmental sustainability will improve.

Suggested Citation

  • Hazrat YOUSAF* & Anwar HUSSAIN** & Samina KHALIL***, 2018. "Ecological Footprint, Environmental Intensity And Income Inequality," Pakistan Journal of Applied Economics, Applied Economics Research Centre, vol. 28(1), pages 19-31.
    • Handle: RePEc:pje:journl:article28sumii
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Atkinson, Anthony B., 1970. "On the measurement of inequality," Journal of Economic Theory, Elsevier, vol. 2(3), pages 244-263, September.
    3. White, Thomas J., 2007. "Sharing resources: The global distribution of the Ecological Footprint," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 64(2), pages 402-410, December.
    4. Hübler, Michael, 2017. "The inequality-emissions nexus in the context of trade and development: A quantile regression approach," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 134(C), pages 174-185.
    5. Jorgenson, Andrew & Schor, Juliet & Huang, Xiaorui, 2017. "Income Inequality and Carbon Emissions in the United States: A State-level Analysis, 1997–2012," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 134(C), pages 40-48.
    6. Poumanyvong, Phetkeo & Kaneko, Shinji, 2010. "Does urbanization lead to less energy use and lower CO2 emissions? A cross-country analysis," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 70(2), pages 434-444, December.
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