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Sticky Floors and Occupational Segregation: Evidence from Pakistan

Author

Listed:
  • Ather Maqssod Ahmed

    (NUST Business School, National University of Science and Technology (NUST), Islamabad.)

  • Asma Hyder

    (NUST Business School, National University of Science and Technology (NUST), Islamabad.)

Abstract

The paper uses the micro data from nationwide Pakistan Labour Force Survey 2005-06 to examine the hypothesis of glass ceilings and sticky floors, both in public and private sectors. The study explores the conditional gender wage distributions at different quantiles—a subject that so far has not attracted much attention in Pakistan. The results support that the gender wage differentials monotonically increase as one moves towards the bottom floor of the conditional wage distribution, i.e., the evidence validates the sticky floor hypothesis. The second sub-theme of the paper has been to investigate those factors that encourage occupational segregation in the labour market. For this purpose, an index of occupational segregation has been calculated for each of the occupational group. The value of Duncan’s D (Duncan Gender Occupational Dissimilarity Index) suggests that 40 percent employees (both men and women) have to change their jobs for an identical male and female labour force distributions. As a final result it has been established that the female participation has been very low, particularly in high paid occupational categories like mangers, legislators and senior officials.

Suggested Citation

  • Ather Maqssod Ahmed & Asma Hyder, 2008. "Sticky Floors and Occupational Segregation: Evidence from Pakistan," The Pakistan Development Review, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, vol. 47(4), pages 837-849.
    • Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:47:y:2008:i:4:p:837-849
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    File URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/2008/Volume4/837-849.pdf
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Mustafizur Rahman & Md. Al-Hasan, 2021. "Explaining Pro-Women Gender Wage Gap in Bangladesh," CPD Report 19, Centre for Policy Dialogue (CPD).
    2. Avinno Faruk, 2021. "Analysing the glass ceiling and sticky floor effects in Bangladesh: evidence, extent and elements," SN Business & Economics, Springer, vol. 1(9), pages 1-23, September.
    3. Sudarshan, Ratna M., 2014. "Enabling women's work," ILO Working Papers 994860303402676, International Labour Organization.
    4. repec:ilo:ilowps:486030 is not listed on IDEAS
    5. Hansen, Henrik & Rand, John & Win, Ngu Wah, 2022. "The gender wage gap in Myanmar: Adding insult to injury?," Journal of Asian Economics, Elsevier, vol. 81(C).

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