IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/pid/journl/v39y2000i4p807-824.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Estimation of Distribution of Income in Pakistan, Using Micro Data

Author

Listed:
  • Mehboob Ahmad

    (Department of Economics, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad.)

Abstract

Income distribution entered the post war discussion of economic development fairly late. Until the 1960s much of the focus was on industrialisation and the need for capital accumulation. Pakistan was no exception as in the early 60s economic expansion became the main target and means to political identity. Rapid population growth associated with steep decline in mortality demanded acceleration of production to keep pace. Overall aggregate expansion was much faster than before but without benefit for the poor. In that context emerged a new professional interest in income distribution. Haq’s (1964) study was one of the oldest studies conducted to measure inequality in personal income distribution in the high income brackets in the urban areas of Pakistan. The main objective of the author was to present the income distribution pattern in terms of the relative shares of different income groups as well as in terms of Pareto coefficients and concentration ratio during the period 1948-49 to 1957-58 for which published tax data was available. While recognising the limitations of the data used, the author went on to calculate various measures of income inequality including Pareto coefficient and Lorenz curve. The author also made comparison of Pakistan’s income distribution with U.S.A. and U.K.

Suggested Citation

  • Mehboob Ahmad, 2000. "Estimation of Distribution of Income in Pakistan, Using Micro Data," The Pakistan Development Review, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, vol. 39(4), pages 807-824.
    • Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:39:y:2000:i:4:p:807-824
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/2000/Volume4/807-824.pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. repec:bla:revinw:v:25:y:1979:i:2:p:229-33 is not listed on IDEAS
    2. Kumar, Dharma, 1974. "Changes in income distribution and poverty in India: A review of the literature," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 2(1), pages 31-41, January.
    3. Zafar Mahmood, 1984. "Income Inequality in Pakistan. An Analysis of Existing Evidence," The Pakistan Development Review, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, vol. 23(2-3), pages 365-379.
    4. AFTAB AHMAD CHEEMA & MUHAMMAD HUSSAIN MALlK, 1984. "Consumption and Employment Effects of Income Redistribution in Pakistan," The Pakistan Development Review, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, vol. 23(2-3), pages 347-363.
    5. Kuznets, Simon, 1976. "Demographic Aspects of the Size Distribution of Income: An Exploratory Essay," Economic Development and Cultural Change, University of Chicago Press, vol. 25(1), pages 1-94, October.
    6. Ehtisham Ahmad & Stephen Ludlow, 1989. "Poverty, Inequality and Growth in Pakistan," The Pakistan Development Review, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, vol. 28(4), pages 831-850.
    7. repec:bla:revinw:v:26:y:1980:i:4:p:401-18 is not listed on IDEAS
    8. Gautam Datta & Jacob Meerman, 1980. "Household Income Or Household Income Per Capita In Welfare Comparisons," Review of Income and Wealth, International Association for Research in Income and Wealth, vol. 26(4), pages 401-418, December.
    9. Daniel A. Seiver, 1979. "A Note On The Measurement Of Income Inequality With Interval Data," Review of Income and Wealth, International Association for Research in Income and Wealth, vol. 25(2), pages 229-233, June.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Khadija Shams & Alexander Kadow, 2020. "Income inequality, remittances and economic wellbeing in rural Pakistan: linkages and empirical evidence," Asia-Pacific Journal of Regional Science, Springer, vol. 4(2), pages 499-519, June.
    2. Shams, Khadija, 2012. "Income inequality in rural Pakistan-sources and decompositions," MPRA Paper 39318, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    3. Amir-ud-Din, Rafi & Rashid, Abdul & Ahmad, Shabbir, 2008. "Democracy, Inequality and Economic Development: The Case of Pakistan," MPRA Paper 26935, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    4. Talat Anwar, 2010. "Role of Growth and Inequality in Explaining Changes in Poverty in Pakistan," The Pakistan Development Review, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, vol. 49(1), pages 1-17.
    5. Maqbool H. Sial & Asma Noreen & Rehmat Ullah Awan, 2015. "Measuring Multidimensional Poverty and Inequality in Pakistan," The Pakistan Development Review, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, vol. 54(4), pages 685-698.
    6. Nadia Zakir & Muhammad Idrees, 2009. "Trends in Inequality, Welfare, and Growth in Pakistan, 1963-64 to 2004-05," PIDE-Working Papers 2009:53, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics.
    7. Muhammad Aslam & Arslan Saeed & Saima Altaf, 2014. "Median Regression Analysis of Gender-wise Income Gap in Punjab, Pakistan," Economy, Asian Online Journal Publishing Group, vol. 1(1), pages 15-19.
    8. Talat Anwar, 2003. "Trends in Inequality in Pakistan between 1998-99 and 2001-02," The Pakistan Development Review, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, vol. 42(4), pages 809-821.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. meng, xin & wu, harry, 1994. "Household Income Determination and Regional Income Differential in Rural China," MPRA Paper 1345, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    2. Talat Anwar, 2003. "Trends in Inequality in Pakistan between 1998-99 and 2001-02," The Pakistan Development Review, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, vol. 42(4), pages 809-821.
    3. Talat Anwar, 2010. "Role of Growth and Inequality in Explaining Changes in Poverty in Pakistan," The Pakistan Development Review, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, vol. 49(1), pages 1-17.
    4. Nadia Zakir & Muhammad Idrees, 2009. "Trends in Inequality, Welfare, and Growth in Pakistan, 1963-64 to 2004-05," Microeconomics Working Papers 22983, East Asian Bureau of Economic Research.
    5. Rashida Haq, 1999. "Income Inequality and Economic Welfare: A Decomposition Analysis for the Household Sector in Pakistan," PIDE Research Report 1999:170, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics.
    6. Najam, Zaira, 2020. "The Sensitivity of Poverty Trends to Dimensionality and Distribution Sensitivity in Poverty Measures - District Level Analysis for Pakistan," MPRA Paper 102383, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    7. Ghose, Ajit Kumar,, 1987. "Trends and fluctuations in rural poverty in India: an explanatory framework and some conclusions," ILO Working Papers 992568173402676, International Labour Organization.
    8. Dieter von Fintel, 2006. "Earnings bracket obstacles in household surveys – How sharp are the tools in the shed?," Working Papers 08/2006, Stellenbosch University, Department of Economics.
    9. repec:ilo:ilowps:269396 is not listed on IDEAS
    10. King, Robert P., 1977. "An analysis of rural consumption patterns in Sierra Leone and their employment and growth effects," AAEA Fellows - Dissertations and Theses, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, number 181061, March.
    11. Qing Wang & Jay J Shen & Michelle Sotero & Casey A Li & Zhiyuan Hou, 2018. "Income, occupation and education: Are they related to smoking behaviors in China?," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 13(2), pages 1-17, February.
    12. Williamson, Jeffrey G., 2013. "Demographic Dividends Revisited," CEPR Discussion Papers 9390, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    13. Peter H. Lindert & Jeffrey G. Williamson, 2012. "American Incomes 1774-1860," NBER Working Papers 18396, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    14. Toseef Azid & Shahnawaz Malik, 2000. "Impact of Village-specific, Household-specific, and Technological Variables on Poverty in Punjab," The Pakistan Development Review, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, vol. 39(4), pages 793-806.
    15. repec:cte:werepe:2909 is not listed on IDEAS
    16. Milanovic, Branko & Lindert, Peter & Williamson, Jeffrey, 2007. "Measuring Ancient Inequality," MPRA Paper 5388, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    17. Shiyu Yan & Jiao Wang & Zhineng Hu, 2023. "Assessment of the effects of targeted poverty alleviation policy on differently poverty‐stricken households: A multi‐propensity score weighting model," Review of Development Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 27(3), pages 1792-1833, August.
    18. Olgica Ivančev & Milena Jovičić & Tijana Milojević, 2010. "Income Inequality and Social Policy in Serbia," wiiw Balkan Observatory Working Papers 86, The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies, wiiw.
    19. Simon Kuznets, 1980. "Recent Population Trends in Less Developed Countries and Implications for Internal Income Inequality," NBER Chapters, in: Population and Economic Change in Developing Countries, pages 471-516, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    20. Khalil Ahmad & Safdar Ali & Ayesha Haider & Muhammad Shahid & Muhammad Mudassar Naushahi, 2021. "Fiscal Implications for Rural-Urban Income Inequality: The Case of Pakistan," International Journal of Economics & Business Administration (IJEBA), International Journal of Economics & Business Administration (IJEBA), vol. 0(2), pages 246-259.
    21. Talat Anwar, 2005. "Prevalence of Relative Poverty in Pakistan," The Pakistan Development Review, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, vol. 44(4), pages 1111-1131.
    22. Angus Deaton, 2010. "Understanding the Mechanisms of Economic Development," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 24(3), pages 3-16, Summer.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:39:y:2000:i:4:p:807-824. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Khurram Iqbal (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/pideipk.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.