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Population Mobility across the Pakistani Border: Fifty Years Experience

Author

Listed:
  • G.M. Arif

    (Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad.)

  • Mohammad Irfan

    (Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad.)

Abstract

This paper describes population mobility across borders experienced by Pakistan during the past fifty years. Some consequences of this mobility have also been briefly mentioned. The dichotomy of this population mobility into inward and outward flow reveals that while the former can be traced to political factors like the partition of the Subcontinent and the Afghan war, the latter mostly represents a job-oriented move. Every flow is associated with its own set of effects, difficult to be encompassed by a single research exercise. Migration from India in the wake of partition is associated with a higher level of urbanisation and a rise in religious homogeneity associated at the same time with increased ethnic diversity, which according to some can be linked with the current Karachi situation. Pakistan also engaged in manpower export and experienced brain-drain. Both of these outward flows, to some extent rooted in history, have particular effects for the society and economy. These differences emanate from the pattern of permanent or temporary settlement abroad, characteristics of the emigrants particularly in terms of human capital endowments, and the nature of links maintained with families in Pakistan which have a bearing on the inflow of remittances. Illegal migration to Pakistan from the surrounding countries is alleged to be substantial at present. The ease with which the identity cards and passports of Pakistan are acquired by these illegal migrants simply reveals the level of control and the standard of honesty prevailing in the situation. In this context, the importance of peace and economic stability in the neighbouring countries emerges to be quite obvious for Pakistan.

Suggested Citation

  • G.M. Arif & Mohammad Irfan, 1997. "Population Mobility across the Pakistani Border: Fifty Years Experience," The Pakistan Development Review, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, vol. 36(4), pages 989-1009.
  • Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:36:y:1997:i:4:p:989-1009
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    File URL: http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/1997/Volume4/989-1009.pdf
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Prema-chandra Athukorala, 1990. "International Contract Migration And The Reintegration of Return Migrants, The Experience of Sri Lanka," Working Papers 1990.09, School of Economics, La Trobe University.
    2. Mohammad, Irfan & Amjad, Rashid, 1994. "Poverty in rural Pakistan," MPRA Paper 38335, University Library of Munich, Germany.
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    Cited by:

    1. Yousaf Zaman & Khair-Uz-Zaman & Shadiullah Khan, 2014. "Macro Level Determinants of Remittances to Pakistan," International Journal of Financial Economics, Research Academy of Social Sciences, vol. 2(3), pages 142-155.
    2. Muhammad Irfan, 2010. "A Review of the Labour Market Research at PIDE 1957-2009," PIDE Books, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, number 2010:1 edited by Rashid Amjad & Aurangzeb A. Hashmi.
    3. Mohammad, Irfan, 1999. "Changing patterns of Pakistani emigrants and institutional framework," MPRA Paper 38620, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    4. Karin Astrid Siegmann, 2010. "Strengthening whom?," Progress in Development Studies, , vol. 10(4), pages 345-361, October.

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