IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/pal/palcom/v11y2024i1d10.1057_s41599-024-02951-4.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

The complex relationship between credit and liquidity risks: a linear and non-linear analysis for the banking sector

Author

Listed:
  • Jihen Bouslimi

    (Saudi Electronic University)

  • Abdelaziz Hakimi

    (University of Jendouba)

  • Taha Zaghdoudi

    (University of Jendouba
    University of Carthage)

  • Kais Tissaoui

    (University of Ha’il
    University of Tunis El Manar)

Abstract

This article explores the reciprocal link between credit risk and liquidity risk in Tunisia. To the best of our knowledge, no study has examined the linear and non-linear relationships between credit risk (CR) and liquidity risk (LR) taken in both directions. We utilized a sample of Tunisian banks from 2000 to 2018 to investigate this link in both causative directions and within a linear and non-linear framework. Unlike previous investigations, we used two empirical approaches. The linear link was assessed using the Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR) model, whilst the non-linear correlation was investigated using the Panel Smooth Transition Regression (PSTR) model.The results of the linear analysis show that credit and liquidity risks are positively related in both directions. The non-linear analysis proves that there is a threshold impact in both connections. More specifically, we discovered that the NPLs ratio, which measures credit risk, is 9.87%, while the LTD ratio measures liquidity risk, which is 102%. Below this threshold, there is a negative and significant relationship; beyond these thresholds, the effect is positive but only significant for the influence of credit risk on liquidity risk.

Suggested Citation

  • Jihen Bouslimi & Abdelaziz Hakimi & Taha Zaghdoudi & Kais Tissaoui, 2024. "The complex relationship between credit and liquidity risks: a linear and non-linear analysis for the banking sector," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 11(1), pages 1-9, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:pal:palcom:v:11:y:2024:i:1:d:10.1057_s41599-024-02951-4
    DOI: 10.1057/s41599-024-02951-4
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://link.springer.com/10.1057/s41599-024-02951-4
    File Function: Abstract
    Download Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1057/s41599-024-02951-4?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Cândida Ferreira, 2022. "Determinants of Non-performing Loans: A Panel Data Approach," International Advances in Economic Research, Springer;International Atlantic Economic Society, vol. 28(3), pages 133-153, November.
    2. Ruoyu Cai & Mao Zhang, 2017. "How Does Credit Risk Influence Liquidity Risk? Evidence from Ukrainian Banks," Visnyk of the National Bank of Ukraine, National Bank of Ukraine, issue 241, pages 21-32.
    3. Hennie Van Greuning & Sonja Brajovic Bratanovic, 2003. "Analyzing and Managing Banking Risk : A Framework for Assessing Corporate Governance and Financial Risk Management, Second Edition," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 14949.
    4. Cornett, Marcia Millon & McNutt, Jamie John & Strahan, Philip E. & Tehranian, Hassan, 2011. "Liquidity risk management and credit supply in the financial crisis," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 101(2), pages 297-312, August.
    5. Pop, Ionuț Daniel & Cepoi, Cosmin Octavian & Anghel, Dan Gabriel, 2018. "Liquidity-threshold effect in non-performing loans," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 27(C), pages 124-128.
    6. Carmen M. Reinhart & Kenneth S. Rogoff, 2011. "From Financial Crash to Debt Crisis," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 101(5), pages 1676-1706, August.
    7. Viral V. Acharya & S. Viswanathan, 2011. "Leverage, Moral Hazard, and Liquidity," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 66(1), pages 99-138, February.
    8. Wagner, Wolf, 2007. "The liquidity of bank assets and banking stability," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 31(1), pages 121-139, January.
    9. Zhiguo He & Wei Xiong, 2012. "Rollover Risk and Credit Risk," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 67(2), pages 391-430, April.
    10. Hakimi Abdelaziz & Boussaada Rim & Hamdi Helmi, 2022. "The Interactional Relationships Between Credit Risk, Liquidity Risk and Bank Profitability in MENA Region," Global Business Review, International Management Institute, vol. 23(3), pages 561-583, June.
    11. Jansen, Eilev S & Terasvirta, Timo, 1996. "Testing Parameter Constancy and Super Exogeneity in Econometric Equations," Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Department of Economics, University of Oxford, vol. 58(4), pages 735-763, November.
    12. Djebali, Nesrine & Zaghdoudi, Khemais, 2020. "Threshold effects of liquidity risk and credit risk on bank stability in the MENA region," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, vol. 42(5), pages 1049-1063.
    13. Sarath Delpachitra & Laurence Lester, 2013. "Non-Interest Income: Are Australian Banks Moving Away from their Traditional Businesses?," Economic Papers, The Economic Society of Australia, vol. 32(2), pages 190-199, June.
    14. Md. Asad Iqbal Chowdhury & Mohammad Shamsu Uddin & Monir Ahmmed & Md. Rizwan Hassan & Mohammad Jonaed Kabir, 2023. "Potential risks of liquidity and credit affecting the efficiency of Islamic banks in Bangladesh," Cogent Economics & Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 11(1), pages 2209950-220, December.
    15. Khan, Ajab & Yilmaz, Mustafa K., 2022. "Nexus between liquidity risk and credit risk: Evidence from the South Asian region," Journal of Risk Management in Financial Institutions, Henry Stewart Publications, vol. 15(4), pages 391-405, October.
    16. Rim Boussaada & Abdelaziz Hakimi & Majdi Karmani, 2022. "Is there a threshold effect in the liquidity risk–non‐performing loans relationship? A PSTR approach for MENA banks," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 27(2), pages 1886-1898, April.
    17. A. Calza & C. Gartner & J. Sousa, 2003. "Modelling the demand for loans to the private sector in the euro area," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 35(1), pages 107-117.
    18. Abdelaziz Hakimi & Khemais Zaghdoudi, 2017. "Liquidity Risk and Bank Performance: An Empirical Test for Tunisian Banks," Business and Economic Research, Macrothink Institute, vol. 7(1), pages 46-57, June.
    19. Imbierowicz, Björn & Rauch, Christian, 2014. "The relationship between liquidity risk and credit risk in banks," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 40(C), pages 242-256.
    20. Granger, Clive W. J. & Terasvirta, Timo, 1993. "Modelling Non-Linear Economic Relationships," OUP Catalogue, Oxford University Press, number 9780198773207.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Vinay Singh & Bhasker Choubey & Stephan Sauer, 2024. "Liquidity forecasting at corporate and subsidiary levels using machine learning," Intelligent Systems in Accounting, Finance and Management, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 31(3), September.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Rim Boussaada & Abdelaziz Hakimi & Majdi Karmani, 2022. "Is there a threshold effect in the liquidity risk–non‐performing loans relationship? A PSTR approach for MENA banks," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 27(2), pages 1886-1898, April.
    2. Hakimi Abdelaziz & Boussaada Rim & Hamdi Helmi, 2022. "The Interactional Relationships Between Credit Risk, Liquidity Risk and Bank Profitability in MENA Region," Global Business Review, International Management Institute, vol. 23(3), pages 561-583, June.
    3. Simion, Giorgia & Rigoni, Ugo & Cavezzali, Elisa & Veller, Andrea, 2024. "Basel liquidity regulation and credit risk market perception: Evidence from large European banks," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 69(C).
    4. Hamdi, Helmi & Hakimi, Abdelaziz, 2019. "Does Liquidity Matter on Bank Profitability? Evidence from a Nonlinear Framework for a Large Sample," Business and Economics Research Journal, Uludag University, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, vol. 10(1), pages 13-26, January.
    5. Djebali, Nesrine & Zaghdoudi, Khemais, 2020. "Threshold effects of liquidity risk and credit risk on bank stability in the MENA region," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, vol. 42(5), pages 1049-1063.
    6. Javadi, Siamak & Mollagholamali, Mohsen, 2018. "Debt market illiquidity and correlated default risk," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 26(C), pages 266-273.
    7. Zhang, Jinqing & He, Liang & An, Yunbi, 2020. "Measuring banks’ liquidity risk: An option-pricing approach," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 111(C).
    8. Nguyen, Thach V.H. & Nguyen, Thai Vu Hong, 2022. "How do banks price liquidity? The role of market power," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 53(C).
    9. Tian, Shu & Park, Donghyun & Cagas, Marie Anne, 2021. "Bond market development and bank stability: Evidence from emerging markets," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 58(C).
    10. Hakimi, Abdelaziz & Hamdi, Helmi & Khemiri, Mohamed Ali, 2023. "Banking in the MENA region: The pro-active role of financial and economic freedom," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, vol. 45(5), pages 1058-1076.
    11. Zhou Lu & Zhuyao Zhuo, 2021. "Modelling of Chinese corporate bond default – A machine learning approach," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 61(5), pages 6147-6191, December.
    12. Alexander Bechtel & Angelo Ranaldo & Jan Wrampelmeyer, 2023. "Liquidity Risk and Funding Cost," Review of Finance, European Finance Association, vol. 27(2), pages 399-422.
    13. Chen, Hsiao-Jung & Lin, Kuan-Ting, 2016. "How do banks make the trade-offs among risks? The role of corporate governance," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 72(S), pages 39-69.
    14. Chen, Wei-Da & Chen, Yehning & Huang, Shu-Chun, 2021. "Liquidity risk and bank performance during financial crises," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 56(C).
    15. Muhammad Saifuddin Khan, 2018. "The Role of Liquidity in Financial Intermediation," PhD Thesis, Finance Discipline Group, UTS Business School, University of Technology, Sydney, number 1-2018, January-A.
    16. Dubecq, Simon & Monfort, Alain & Renne, Jean-Paul & Roussellet, Guillaume, 2016. "Credit and liquidity in interbank rates: A quadratic approach," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 29-46.
    17. Dang, Van Dan & Dang, Van Cuong, 2020. "The conditioning role of performance on the bank risk-taking channel of monetary policy: Evidence from a multiple-tool regime," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 54(C).
    18. Shabir, Mohsin & Jiang, Ping & Hashmi, Shujahat Haider & Bakhsh, Satar, 2022. "Non-linear nexus between economic policy uncertainty and bank lending," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 657-679.
    19. Uddin, Md Hamid & Mollah, Sabur & Ali, Md Hakim, 2020. "Does cyber tech spending matter for bank stability?," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 72(C).
    20. Hassan, M. Kabir & Khan, Ashraf & Paltrinieri, Andrea, 2019. "Liquidity risk, credit risk and stability in Islamic and conventional banks," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 17-31.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:pal:palcom:v:11:y:2024:i:1:d:10.1057_s41599-024-02951-4. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sonal Shukla or Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.nature.com/ .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.