IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/pal/palcom/v11y2024i1d10.1057_s41599-024-02871-3.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Social networks of men who have sex with men engaging in chemsex in Germany: differences in social resources and sexual health

Author

Listed:
  • Zeev Hille

    (Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin)

  • Hannes Ulrich

    (Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin)

  • Vera Maren Straßburger

    (Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    Medical School Hamburg)

  • Pichit Buspavanich

    (Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
    Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane)

Abstract

Meyer’s minority stress model posits that sexual minority communities can act as protective factors for individuals within the sexual minority. Given that existing evidence on this proposition is inconclusive, a social network approach was employed to capture diversity in the social environment of individuals involved in chemsex that might account for variations in social resources and sexual health. This study examined the social networks of men who have sex with men (MSM) involved in sexualised drug use, using data from a cross-sectional online survey. Utilising cluster analysis, four distinct social network types were identified based on network composition: MSM-diverse, partner-focused, family-diverse, and chemsex-restricted. In terms of social resources, the four network types did not exhibit significant differences in social support. However, individuals with a chemsex-restricted social network reported stronger social influence related to chemsex and less social engagement outside of chemsex. Contrary to initial expectations, the four network types did not differ in chemsex-related consequences or sexual satisfaction. MSM engaged in chemsex for over 5 years reported more chemsex-related consequences and lower sexual satisfaction, particularly those with a family-diverse social network. Additionally, indicators of network quality, such as perceived emotional closeness, reciprocity with network members, and overall satisfaction with the network, were more influential in predicting sexual health outcomes than social resources. The findings of the study suggest that the social environment of MSM engaged in chemsex plays a role in shaping their experiences. Insufficient inclusion in a sexual minority community is potentially associated with an elevated risk of poor sexual health. These findings underscore the importance of tailoring interventions to address the diverse needs of individuals exposed to different social environments.

Suggested Citation

  • Zeev Hille & Hannes Ulrich & Vera Maren Straßburger & Pichit Buspavanich, 2024. "Social networks of men who have sex with men engaging in chemsex in Germany: differences in social resources and sexual health," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 11(1), pages 1-13, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:pal:palcom:v:11:y:2024:i:1:d:10.1057_s41599-024-02871-3
    DOI: 10.1057/s41599-024-02871-3
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://link.springer.com/10.1057/s41599-024-02871-3
    File Function: Abstract
    Download Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1057/s41599-024-02871-3?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Julianne Holt-Lunstad & Timothy B Smith & J Bradley Layton, 2010. "Social Relationships and Mortality Risk: A Meta-analytic Review," PLOS Medicine, Public Library of Science, vol. 7(7), pages 1-1, July.
    2. Sheung-Tak Cheng & Coty K. L. Lee & Alfred C. M. Chan & Edward M. F. Leung & Jik-Joen Lee, 2009. "Social Network Types and Subjective Well-being in Chinese Older Adults," The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, The Gerontological Society of America, vol. 64(6), pages 713-722.
    3. Rusi Jaspal, 2022. "Chemsex, Identity and Sexual Health among Gay and Bisexual Men," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(19), pages 1-16, September.
    4. Katherine L. Fiori & Toni C. Antonucci & Kai S. Cortina, 2006. "Social Network Typologies and Mental Health Among Older Adults," The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, The Gerontological Society of America, vol. 61(1), pages 25-32.
    5. Singer, Merrill C. & Erickson, Pamela I. & Badiane, Louise & Diaz, Rosemary & Ortiz, Dugeidy & Abraham, Traci & Nicolaysen, Anna Marie, 2006. "Syndemics, sex and the city: Understanding sexually transmitted diseases in social and cultural context," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 63(8), pages 2010-2021, October.
    6. Katherine L. Fiori & Jacqui Smith & Toni C. Antonucci, 2007. "Social Network Types Among Older Adults: A Multidimensional Approach," The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, The Gerontological Society of America, vol. 62(6), pages 322-330.
    7. Corinne Herrijgers & Karolien Poels & Heidi Vandebosch & Tom Platteau & Jacques van Lankveld & Eric Florence, 2020. "Harm Reduction Practices and Needs in a Belgian Chemsex Context: Findings from a Qualitative Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(23), pages 1-18, December.
    8. DiFulvio, Gloria T., 2011. "Sexual minority youth, social connection and resilience: From personal struggle to collective identity," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 72(10), pages 1611-1617, May.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Li, Ting & Yang, Yang Claire & Zhang, Yanlong, 2018. "Culture, economic development, social-network type, and mortality: Evidence from Chinese older adults," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 204(C), pages 23-30.
    2. Howard Litwin & Michal Levinsky & Ella Schwartz, 2020. "Network type, transition patterns and well-being among older Europeans," European Journal of Ageing, Springer, vol. 17(2), pages 241-250, June.
    3. Sónia Guadalupe & Henrique Testa Vicente, 2022. "Types of Personal Social Networks of Older Adults in Portugal," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 160(2), pages 445-466, April.
    4. Haosen Sun & Markus Schafer, 2022. "Close ties, near and far away: patterns and predictors of geographic network range among older Europeans," European Journal of Ageing, Springer, vol. 19(3), pages 699-716, September.
    5. Carly Roman & Christopher R. Beam & Elizabeth Zelinski, 2022. "Psychosocial Outcomes of Age Integration Status: Do Age-Integrated Social Networks Benefit Older Adults?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(19), pages 1-15, September.
    6. Li, Ting & Zhang, Yanlong, 2015. "Social network types and the health of older adults: Exploring reciprocal associations," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 130(C), pages 59-68.
    7. Liping Ye & Xinping Zhang, 2019. "Social Network Types and Health among Older Adults in Rural China: The Mediating Role of Social Support," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-14, January.
    8. Shiovitz-Ezra, Sharon & Litwin, Howard, 2012. "Social network type and health-related behaviors: Evidence from an American national survey," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 75(5), pages 901-904.
    9. Ann W. Nguyen, 2017. "Variations in Social Network Type Membership Among Older African Americans, Caribbean Blacks, and Non-Hispanic Whites," The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, The Gerontological Society of America, vol. 72(4), pages 716-726.
    10. Victor Kaufman & Anthony Rodriguez & Lisa C. Walsh & Edward Shafranske & Shelly P. Harrell, 2022. "Unique Ways in Which the Quality of Friendships Matter for Life Satisfaction," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 23(6), pages 2563-2580, August.
    11. Cheng, Grand H.-L. & Sung, Pildoo & Chan, Angelique & Ma, Stefan & Malhotra, Rahul, 2022. "Transitions between social network profiles and their relation with all-cause mortality among older adults," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 292(C).
    12. Kyung-Won Choi & Gyeong-Suk Jeon, 2021. "Social Network Types and Depressive Symptoms among Older Korean Men and Women," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(21), pages 1-14, October.
    13. Sohn, Sung Yun & Joo, Won-tak & Kim, Woo Jung & Kim, Se Joo & Youm, Yoosik & Kim, Hyeon Chang & Park, Yeong-Ran & Lee, Eun, 2017. "Social network types among older Korean adults: Associations with subjective health," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 173(C), pages 88-95.
    14. Ivaylo Vassilev & Anne Rogers & Christian Blickem & Helen Brooks & Dharmi Kapadia & Anne Kennedy & Caroline Sanders & Sue Kirk & David Reeves, 2013. "Social Networks, the ‘Work’ and Work Force of Chronic Illness Self-Management: A Survey Analysis of Personal Communities," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 8(4), pages 1-13, April.
    15. Aria C. H. Yang & Habib Chaudhury & Jeffrey C. F. Ho & Newman Lau, 2023. "Measuring the Impact of Bedroom Privacy on Social Networks in a Long-Term Care Facility for Hong Kong Older Adults: A Spatio-Social Network Analysis Approach," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(8), pages 1-19, April.
    16. Torres, Zaira & Oliver, Amparo & Tomás, José M. & Kondo, Naoki, 2024. "Exploring social network typologies and their impact on health and mental well-being in older adults: Evidence from JAGES," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 348(C).
    17. Griffin, Barbara & Loh, Vanessa & Hesketh, Beryl, 2013. "A mental model of factors associated with subjective life expectancy," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 82(C), pages 79-86.
    18. Kayla P. Meek & Caroline D. Bergeron & Samuel D. Towne & SangNam Ahn & Marcia G. Ory & Matthew Lee Smith, 2018. "Restricted Social Engagement among Adults Living with Chronic Conditions," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-13, January.
    19. Rassaby, Madeleine & Shakya, Holly B. & Fowler, James H. & Oveis, Christopher & Sieber, William J. & Jain, Sonia & Stein, Murray B. & Taylor, Charles T., 2024. "Application of an egocentric social network approach to examine changes in social connections following treatment for anxiety and depression: A novel measurement tool for clinical trials research?," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 350(C).
    20. Ivaylo Vassilev & Anne Rogers & Anne Kennedy & Michel Wensing & Jan Koetsenruijter & Rosanna Orlando & Maria Carmen Portillo & David Culliford, 2016. "Social Network Type and Long-Term Condition Management Support: A Cross-Sectional Study in Six European Countries," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(8), pages 1-15, August.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:pal:palcom:v:11:y:2024:i:1:d:10.1057_s41599-024-02871-3. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sonal Shukla or Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.nature.com/ .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.