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Managing Across Borders: An Empirical Test of the Bartlett and Ghoshal [1989] Organizational Typology

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  • Siew Meng Leong

    (National University of Singapore)

  • Chin Tiong Tan

    (National University of Singapore)

Abstract

This paper reports an empirical test of the Bartlett and Ghoshal [1989] organizational typology. Some 131 senior executives of corporations with worldwide operations classified their organizations as being multinational, global, international, or transnational in nature and evaluated their organizations′ configuration of assets and capabilities, role of overseas operations, and development and diffusion of knowledge. Results provide partial support for the typology. As expected, transnational corporations were least frequently reported by the respondents. The hypothesized practices associated with multinational and global organizations were more consistent with the typology's predictions relative to those of the international and transnational types.© 1993 JIBS. Journal of International Business Studies (1993) 24, 449–464

Suggested Citation

  • Siew Meng Leong & Chin Tiong Tan, 1993. "Managing Across Borders: An Empirical Test of the Bartlett and Ghoshal [1989] Organizational Typology," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 24(3), pages 449-464, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:pal:jintbs:v:24:y:1993:i:3:p:449-464
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    1. Kasper, Helmut & Lehrer, Mark & Mühlbacher, Jürgen & Müller, Barbara, 2013. "On the different “worlds” of intra-organizational knowledge management: Understanding idiosyncratic variation in MNC cross-site knowledge-sharing practices," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 22(1), pages 326-338.
    2. Song, Sangcheol, 2022. "Cultural diversification, human resource-based coordination, and downside risks of multinationality," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 142(C), pages 562-571.
    3. Michael J. Enright & Venkat Subramanian, 2007. "An organizing framework for MNC subsidiary typologies," Management International Review, Springer, vol. 47(6), pages 895-924, December.
    4. Grøgaard, Birgitte, 2012. "Alignment of strategy and structure in international firms: An empirical examination," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 21(3), pages 397-407.
    5. Johnson, William H.A. & Medcof, John W., 2007. "Motivating proactive subsidiary innovation: Agent-based theory and socialization models in global R&D," Journal of International Management, Elsevier, vol. 13(4), pages 472-487, December.
    6. Zeng, Rong & Grøgaard, Birgitte & Steel, Piers, 2018. "Complements or substitutes? A meta-analysis of the role of integration mechanisms for knowledge transfer in the MNE network," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 53(4), pages 415-432.
    7. Sklyar, Alexey & Kowalkowski, Christian & Tronvoll, Bård & Sörhammar, David, 2019. "Organizing for digital servitization: A service ecosystem perspective," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 104(C), pages 450-460.
    8. Vapola, Terhi Johanna & Paukku, Markus & Gabrielsson, Mika, 2010. "Portfolio management of strategic alliances: An international business perspective," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 19(3), pages 247-260, June.
    9. Matthew M. C. Allen & Geoffrey Wood & Mehmet Demirbag, 2022. "Developing theoretically informed typologies in international business: Why we need them, and how to do it," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 53(9), pages 2133-2146, December.
    10. Bonache Perez, Jaime & Pla-Barber, Jose, 2005. "When are international managers a cost effective solution? The rationale of transaction cost economics applied to staffing decisions in MNCs," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 58(10), pages 1320-1329, October.
    11. Banerjee, Shantanu & Venaik, Sunil & Brewer, Paul, 2019. "Analysing corporate political activity in MNC subsidiaries through the integration-responsiveness framework," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 28(5), pages 1-1.
    12. Swoboda, Bernhard & Morbe, Lukas & Hirschmann, Johannes, 2018. "International strategy’s effects on retailers’ local implementation and performance," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 27(3), pages 642-653.
    13. Birgitte Grøgaard & Helene Loe Colman & Inger G Stensaker, 0. "Legitimizing, leveraging, and launching: Developing dynamic capabilities in the MNE," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 0, pages 1-21.
    14. Sambharya, Rakesh B. & Kumaraswamy, Arun & Banerjee, Snehamay, 2005. "Information technologies and the future of the multinational enterprise," Journal of International Management, Elsevier, vol. 11(2), pages 143-161, June.
    15. Wolf, Joachim, 2002. "Strategic orientation and coordination of human resource management in multinational corporations: An information-processing and gestalt analysis," Manuskripte aus den Instituten für Betriebswirtschaftslehre der Universität Kiel 553, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Institut für Betriebswirtschaftslehre.
    16. Breunig, Karl Joachim & Kvålshaugen, Ragnhild & Hydle, Katja Maria, 2014. "Knowing your boundaries: Integration opportunities in international professional service firms," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 49(4), pages 502-511.
    17. King, William R. & Flor, Paulo Roberto, 2008. "The development of global IT infrastructure," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 36(3), pages 486-504, June.
    18. Birgitte Grøgaard & Helene Loe Colman & Inger G Stensaker, 2022. "Legitimizing, leveraging, and launching: Developing dynamic capabilities in the MNE," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 53(4), pages 636-656, June.

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