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Abstract
The paper discusses the application of economic analysis and statistics to several questions of tax administration and legislation bearing on it. The principle of equalizing marginal administrative costs and marginal tax revenue is suggestive, but persuasive arguments can be made for spending more or less than it indicates. The marginal principle, nevertheless, is valuable as a guide for allocating a fixed appropriation that is too small to cover all remunerative activities. Human capital theory corroborates the productivity of staff training but implies that different financing arrangements may be appropriate for general and specialized training. Economic studies can help in establishing criteria for identifying cases for detailed examination or audit and in making administrative or alternative assessments where accounts are inadequate. A lump-sum, first-year depreciation allowance equal to the discounted value of normal allowances would have merit as a simple method of adjusting for inflation. Proposals for interlocking, self-enforcing tax systems and for market-enforced self-assessment of taxable property are judged to be unpromising. Suggestions for economizing on administrative costs by imposing heavy monetary penalties for noncompliance are subject to theoretical objections and appear to be inconsistent with widely accepted beliefs about justice. The concept of economic externality has some general relevance for tax administration but few direct applications. Tax administrators and economists could benefit from acquaintance with the attitudes and methods of each other's discipline. /// Le texte porte sur l'application de l'analyse et de la statistique économiques à diverses questions d'administration et de législation fiscales. Le principe de l'égalisation des coûts administratifs marginaux et des recettes fiscales marginales est stimulant, mais on peut invoquer des arguments convaincants pour dépenser plus ou moins qu'il ne l'indique. Le principe marginal est cependant valable comme guide pour la répartition d'un crédit budgétaire fixe trop modique pour couvrir toutes les activités rémunératrices. La théorie du capital humain corrobore la productivité de la formation des cadres, mais elle implique une différenciation probable des dispositifs de financement quant à la formation générale et quant à la formation spécialisée. L'analyse économique peut aider à l'établissement de critères permettant d'identifier les cas qui nécessitent un inventaire détaillé ou une vérification sur place; elle peut faciliter aux autorités un jugement optimum ou une évaluation administrative avec variantes pour les cas d'absence ou de vice de données. Un forfait pour amortissement de première année, d'un montant égal à la valeur escomptée des provisions normales, servirait bien de méthode simple d'ajustement eu égard à l'inflation. On ne voit pas de promesse d'avenir aux propositions tendant à l'interconnexion de systèmes fiscaux autonomes, ni à l'évaluation par le contribuable de sa fortune imposable selon les cours du marché. Les suggestions d'économies réalisables sur les frais administratifs par l'imposition de lourdes amendes en cas d'infraction prêtent le flanc à des objections théoriques et ne semblent pas cadrer avec les principes de justice généralement acceptés. La notion d'extériorité économique intéresse quelque peu l'administration fiscale, sur un plan général, mais ne comporte que de rares applications directes. Les administrateurs fiscaux et les économistes gagneraient peut-être à se familiariser mutuellement avec les attitudes et les méthodes propres à leurs disciplines respectives. /// En este trabajo se examina la aplicación del análisis económico y la estadÃstica a varias cuestiones de administración de impuestos y la legislación con ella relacionada. Resulta interesante el principio de la igualación del gasto marginal de administración y del ingreso fiscal marginal, pero pueden aducirse argumentos persuasivos a favor de un gasto mayor o menor que el indicado. No obstante, el principio marginal es valioso como orientación para distribuir una asignación fija que resulte demasiado pequeña para abarcar todas las actividades remunerativas. La teorÃa del capital humano corrobora la productividad de las actividades de adiestramiento de los empleados pero implica que pueden necesitarse distintos sistemas de financiamiento para el adiestramiento general y el especializado. Los estudios económicos coadyuvan a formular criterios con los que identificar casos para ser examinados detalladamente o sometidos a auditorÃa y para efectuar evaluaciones administrativas o de otro género cuando sean deficientes las cuentas. SerÃa interesante una asignación por depreciación del primer año a tanto alzado igual al valor actualizado de las asignaciones normales, como método sencillo de ajuste por inflación. Se juzgan como poco prometedoras las propuestas de sistemas tributarios interconexos de cumplimiento propio y las de autodeterminación del valor imponible de la propiedad con cumplimiento por medio del mercado. Se presentan objeciones teóricas a algunas sugerencias para reducir gastos de administración imponiendo fuertes sanciones monetarias por falta de cumplimiento, pues parecen ser incongruentes con las creencias ampliamente aceptadas sobre lo que es justo. El concepto de externalidad económica tiene cierta pertinencia general para la administración tributaria, pero pocas aplicaciones directas. Los administradores tributarios y los economistas saldrÃan ganando si adquirieran un conocimiento mutuo de las actitudes y métodos de sus disciplinas respectivas.
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Cited by:
- Yitzhaki, Shlomo & Vakneen, Yitzhak, 1989.
"On the Shadow Price of a Tax Inspector,"
Public Finance = Finances publiques, , vol. 44(3), pages 492-505.
- James Alm & Pablo Saavedra & Edward Sennoga, 2007.
"How Should Individuals Be Taxed?. Combining "Simplified", Income, and Payroll Taxes in Ukraine,"
FinanzArchiv: Public Finance Analysis, Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen, vol. 63(3), pages 350-373, September.
- Nipon Poapongsakorn & Kovit Charnvitayapong & Duangmanee Laovakul & Somchai Suksiriserekul & Bev Dahlby, 2000.
"A Cost-Benefit Analysis of the Thailand Taxpayer Survey,"
International Tax and Public Finance, Springer;International Institute of Public Finance, vol. 7(1), pages 63-82, February.
- James Alm & Jorge Martinez-Vazquez, 2007.
"Tax Morale and Tax Evasion in Latin American Countries,"
International Center for Public Policy Working Paper Series, at AYSPS, GSU
paper0732, International Center for Public Policy, Andrew Young School of Policy Studies, Georgia State University.
- James Alm & Jorge Martinez-Vazquez, 2007.
"Tax Morale and Tax Evasion in Latin America,"
International Center for Public Policy Working Paper Series, at AYSPS, GSU
paper0704, International Center for Public Policy, Andrew Young School of Policy Studies, Georgia State University.
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