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A number of economists have argued that, in order to understand recent exchange rate movements, one must examine the process by which exchange rate expectations are formulated. To describe the influence of exchange rate expectations on the adjustment process, this paper examines a small, open economy's response to either an increase in the money supply or a higher level of debt-financed government spending under the assumption that exchange rate expectations are either rational, semirational, or adaptive. It is argued that the economy's response to an increase in the money supply is much more sensitive to the expectations structure than is its response to an increase in government spending. The analysis also shows that, following an increase in the money supply, the exchange rate will overshoot its long-run value regardless of the type of expectations structure that exists. And, in general, the domestic interest rate will be the variable most strongly influenced by the manner in which the private sector formulates its expectations. /// Un certain nombre d'économistes ont soutenu qu'il fallait, pour comprendre les mouvements récents des taux de change, analyser le processus de formation des anticipations concernant ces taux. Pour décrire l'incidence de ces anticipations sur le processus d'ajustement, le présent document étudie les réactions d'une économie ouverte, de petite dimension, à un accroissement soit de la masse monétaire, soit du volume des dépenses publiques financées par l'emprunt, en prenant pour hypothèse que les anticipations relatives aux taux de change sont rationnelles, semi-rationnelles ou évolutives. Il est affirmé que la structure des anticipations influence beaucoup plus profondément les réactions de l'économie à une expansion de la masse monétaire que ses réactions à une augmentation des dépenses publiques. L'analyse montre également que, à la suite d'un accroissement de la masse monétaire, le taux de change dépassera sa valeur à long terme, quel que soit le type d'anticipation. Enfin, le taux d'intérêt intérieur sera, en général, la variable la plus fortement influencée par le mode de formation des anticipations du secteur privé. /// Varios economistas han sostenido que, para poder comprender los últimos movimientos de los tipos de cambio, debe examinarse el proceso mediante el cual se formulan las expectativas pertinentes a los tipos de cambio. Con el objeto de explicar la influencia que dichas expectativas tienen en el proceso de ajuste, este trabajo examina la reacción de una economÃa pequen?a y abierta, ante un aumento de la oferta monetaria o ante un nivel más alto del gasto público financiado mediante déficit, según se haga el supuesto de que las expectativas relativas al tipo de cambio son racionales, semirracionales o adaptables. Se sostiene que la reacción de la economÃa ante un incremento de la oferta monetaria es mucho más sensible a la modalidad de expectativas que su reacción ante un aumento del gasto público. El análisis también sen?ala que, a raÃz de un aumento de la oferta monetaria, el tipo de cambio sobrepasará su valor a largo plazo, cualquiera sea la modalidad de expectativas que exista. Y, en general, la variante más drásticamente influida por la forma en que el sector privado plantee sus expectativas será el tipo de interés interno.
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