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La théorie économique confrontée aux transformations économiques d’une société rurale: le cas de la province de Phongsaly au Laos

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  • Pierre Alary

    (MCF, Clersé, Université de Lille 1, Villeneuve d’Ascq, France)

Abstract

The dominant economic theory gives to the market a core function. Generally, exchanges of goods are considered as the way to maximize profit or utility. Social transformations are therefore driven by the market. The north of Lao PDR example refutes such theory. The Phongsaly rural communities have self-sufficiency as a main objective. They aim to reach it first. Before self-sufficiency is achieved, farmers do not produce for the market and they only start to market products once self-sufficiency is reached. The main products marketed at the beginning are first undertaken for self-sufficiency. The surplus is the only part of the production sold. The few products only marketed come from gathering. In addition, the products prices do not really influence the peasants’ choices and the products sold generally show relatively weak work productivity.La théorie économique dominante attribue au marché une fonction centrale. Généralement, les échanges de biens permettent de maximiser le profit ou l’utilité et cette logique entraîne les transformations sociales. L’exemple du Laos réfute ces principes théoriques. L’autosubsistance constitue un objectif premier pour les communautés rurales de Phongsaly. Elles mettent tout en œuvre pour l’atteindre et, si tel n’est pas le cas, les foyers de paysans ne cherchent pas à produire pour les marchés. Ils ne s’intéressent à la vente de leurs produits qu’une fois l’autosubsistance atteinte et les premiers biens commercialisés proviennent de productions avant tout destinées à l’autoconsommation. Les ventes correspondent à un excédent par rapport aux besoins de consommation du foyer. Les seuls produits uniquement commercialisés sont issus de la cueillette. Par ailleurs, le prix des biens ne constitue pas un critère de choix déterminant et, généralement, la productivité du travail liée aux biens vendus est relativement faible.

Suggested Citation

  • Pierre Alary, 2013. "La théorie économique confrontée aux transformations économiques d’une société rurale: le cas de la province de Phongsaly au Laos," The European Journal of Development Research, Palgrave Macmillan;European Association of Development Research and Training Institutes (EADI), vol. 25(3), pages 466-485, July.
  • Handle: RePEc:pal:eurjdr:v:25:y:2013:i:3:p:466-485
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