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Comparing the Ethnicity Proxy and Residual Method: Applications to the State-level DREAM Acts and DACA

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Listed:
  • Xintong Liu

    (Colgate University)

  • Yang Song

    (Colgate University)

Abstract

Previous studies often use Hispanic non-citizens as a proxy to identify undocumented immigrants in survey data. This paper compares the ethnicity proxy with the residual method in identifying undocumented immigrants regarding two aspects: how closely they match official statistics and how they differ when evaluating the effects of the state-level DREAM Acts and DACA on college enrollment and labor market outcomes. This study finds that the residual method outperforms the Hispanic non-citizen proxy in matching the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services statistics of undocumented immigrants for a majority of variables. Consistent with the previous literature, results from both methods find that the state-level DREAM Acts increase college enrollment, while DACA decreases college enrollment and increases the probability of working. The residual method produces policy effect estimates in the same direction as does the Hispanic non-citizen proxy approach, but larger in magnitude for DACA.

Suggested Citation

  • Xintong Liu & Yang Song, 2020. "Comparing the Ethnicity Proxy and Residual Method: Applications to the State-level DREAM Acts and DACA," Eastern Economic Journal, Palgrave Macmillan;Eastern Economic Association, vol. 46(1), pages 82-101, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:pal:easeco:v:46:y:2020:i:1:d:10.1057_s41302-019-00156-1
    DOI: 10.1057/s41302-019-00156-1
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. David Heer, 1979. "What is the annual net flow of undocumented mexican immigrants to the united states?," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 16(3), pages 417-423, August.
    2. George J. Borjas, 2017. "The Earnings of Undocumented Immigrants," NBER Working Papers 23236, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    3. James D. Bachmeier & Jennifer Van Hook & Frank D. Bean, 2014. "Can We Measure Immigrants' Legal Status? Lessons from Two U.S. Surveys," International Migration Review, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 48(2), pages 538-566, June.
    4. Catalina Amuedo-Dorantes & Francisca Antman, 2017. "Schooling and labor market effects of temporary authorization: evidence from DACA," Journal of Population Economics, Springer;European Society for Population Economics, vol. 30(1), pages 339-373, January.
    5. Amuedo-Dorantes, Catalina & Sparber, Chad, 2014. "In-state tuition for undocumented immigrants and its impact on college enrollment, tuition costs, student financial aid, and indebtedness," Regional Science and Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 49(C), pages 11-24.
    6. Robert Warren & Jeffrey Passel, 1987. "A Count of the Uncountable: Estimates of Undocumented Aliens Counted in the 1980 United States Census," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 24(3), pages 375-393, August.
    7. Pope, Nolan G., 2016. "The Effects of DACAmentation: The Impact of Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals on Unauthorized Immigrants," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 143(C), pages 98-114.
    8. Neeraj Kaushal, 2008. "In-state tuition for the undocumented: Education effects on Mexican young adults," Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 27(4), pages 771-792.
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    Cited by:

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Undocumented immigrants; Residual method; DREAM Act; DACA; College enrollment;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F22 - International Economics - - International Factor Movements and International Business - - - International Migration
    • J15 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of Minorities, Races, Indigenous Peoples, and Immigrants; Non-labor Discrimination
    • I23 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Higher Education; Research Institutions

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