Author
Listed:
- Quiroga Juárez, Christian Arturo
(Universidad Politécnica del Bicentenario, Guanajuato (México))
- Villalobos Escobedo, Aglaé
(Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (México))
Abstract
Esta investigación complementa al análisis técnico bursátil y tiene por objetivo clasificar 88 emisoras de la Bolsa Mexicana de Valores, utilizando el análisis de componentes principales y el análisis discriminante lineal (PCA y LDA, respectivamente, por sus siglas en inglés), con la hipótesis de agrupar emisoras en función de su comportamiento bursátil y del sector económico al que pertenecen. La metodología consistió en recabar el volumen de acciones negociadas (variables de entrada) del software Infosel Financiero correspondiente a 88 emisoras durante el periodo de enero 2015 a marzo 2016. Posteriormente, los datos (variables de entrada) se normalizaron para eliminar su variación natural y se aplicó el PCA y LDA obteniendo tres grupos que no atienden un criterio de importancia, es decir el grupo uno no representa mayor importancia que los grupos subsecuentes. Cada grupo mantiene correlación con cada elemento que lo conforma, pero no mantiene correlación con los elementos de otros grupos, es decir si alguna empresa perteneciente a alguno de los grupos presenta movimientos al alza o baja, las demás acciones del mismo grupo también mostraran esa tendencia, pero las empresas de los otros grupos no necesariamente se comportaran así. Los resultados obtenidos representan un aporte significativo para la creación de un portafolio de inversión ya que se tiene un panorama esclarecedor de las empresas analizadas. Sin embargo, se sugiere complementar con el enfoque de análisis fundamental para analizar la parte intrínseca de las emisoras a mayor profundidad, siempre con el objetivo de buscar minimizar los riesgos de inversión. || This article is a supplement to the stock technical analysis and its main objective is to classify 88 companies belonging to the Mexican Stock Exchange. Using principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA), the input hypothesis is to group companies according to their market performance and the economic sector to they belong. The methodology consisted in collecting the volume of shares traded indicator (input variables) corresponding to 88 companies for the period January 2015 to March 2016, the input data come from Infosel financial software. After that the input data were normalized and subsequently the PCA and LDA methods were applied to obtain three groups that do not meet an importance criterion. Each group has correlation with each element that makes up, but does not maintain correlation with the elements of other groups; so that if any company belonging to one of the groups presents some tendency, the other actions of the same group also showed that same trend, but companies from other groups will not tend necessarily in the same way. The results represent a significant contribution to the creation of investment portfolios. However, the authors suggest complement this analysis with the fundamental analysis approach to study issuers and reduce investment risks.
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Keywords
finanzas;
métodos cuantitativos;
negocios y administración;
finance;
quantitative methods;
business administration;
All these keywords.
JEL classification:
- G11 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Portfolio Choice; Investment Decisions
- G23 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Non-bank Financial Institutions; Financial Instruments; Institutional Investors
- C38 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables - - - Classification Methdos; Cluster Analysis; Principal Components; Factor Analysis
- C44 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods: Special Topics - - - Operations Research; Statistical Decision Theory
- M21 - Business Administration and Business Economics; Marketing; Accounting; Personnel Economics - - Business Economics - - - Business Economics
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