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Removing Barriers to Entry in Medicine: Evidence from Pakistan

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  • Fatima Aqeel

Abstract

In 1992, Pakistan equalized admissions criteria for women and men applying to medical schools, causing a rapid increase in the female share of medical graduates. Using birth cohort variation, I find that equalizing admissions criteria increased employment among female doctors by 21 percentage points and among doctors overall by 9 percentage points, even though female doctors are less likely to be employed than male doctors. Earnings for male medical graduates increased as lower ability males were crowded out. The 1992 reform led to increased gender diversification in a wide range of medical specialties, but it also concentrated doctors in urban districts where women prefer to practice.

Suggested Citation

  • Fatima Aqeel, 2024. "Removing Barriers to Entry in Medicine: Evidence from Pakistan," The World Bank Economic Review, World Bank, vol. 38(2), pages 209-228.
    • Handle: RePEc:oup:wbecrv:v:38:y:2024:i:2:p:209-228.
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    File URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1093/wber/lhad039
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    Keywords

    development; gender; education;
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