Explaining local variation in agri-food biotechnology policies: ‘green’ genomics regulation in comparative perspective

This paper develops a comparative framework for biotechnology policy analysis based on work by Paarlberg, Haga and Willard, and Isaac and applies this framework to help understand the evolution and differences in the regulatory regimes related to agri-food genomic innovations found in six countries: Italy, Spain, Australia, New Zealand, Canada and the US. Applying this framework to the six cases shows that these governments have fostered different types of regulatory regimes over the last quarter century that are closely connected with the manner in which governments have pursued either promotional or precautionary orientations towards new technologies; and second whether regulatory policy-making has been driven by state or public actors and interests. The implications of these findings for the study of biotechnology, and especially genomics-related matters, regulation and policy-making are then discussed. Copyright , Beech Tree Publishing.