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Incubation of incubators: innovation as a triple helix of university-industry-government networks

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  • Henry Etzkowitz

Abstract

The shift of university-industry linkages from a linear to an interactive innovation model is visible especially in the history of the university business incubator. Transcending the production and dissemination of research, incubated knowledge increasingly lies behind new products and new firms. Incubators have developed technology and business ideas into an array of firms and to form research centers by fusing heterogeneous R&D entities from university, government and industry. Further transformation of university-industry linkages are in the parallel evolution of incubator from an isolated to a networked entity. As these developments are supported by changes in the regulatory environment and by government funding programs, this pairing becomes university-industry-government interactions. Copyright , Beech Tree Publishing.

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  • Henry Etzkowitz, 2002. "Incubation of incubators: innovation as a triple helix of university-industry-government networks," Science and Public Policy, Oxford University Press, vol. 29(2), pages 115-128, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:oup:scippl:v:29:y:2002:i:2:p:115-128
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