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Cross-Holdings: Estimation Issues, Biases, and Distortions

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  • Fedenia, Mark
  • Hodder, James E
  • Triantis, Alexander J

Abstract

Cross-holding occurs when listed corporations own securities issued by other corporations. We analyze the effect of cross-holdings on market capitalization and return measures as well as implications for econometric testing of asset pricing theories. We show that cross-holdings generally distort standard market return and risk measures The magnitudes of such distortions are calculated for simulated economies by using a variety of crossholding patterns. In addition, cross-holdings are shown to induce nonstationarity in the covariance matrix of security returns. We examine the effect of this nonstationarity for estimating efficient frontiers and factor structures. We also discuss the implications for risk-return estimates in equilibrium asset pricing models. Article published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Financial Studies in its journal, The Review of Financial Studies.

Suggested Citation

  • Fedenia, Mark & Hodder, James E & Triantis, Alexander J, 1994. "Cross-Holdings: Estimation Issues, Biases, and Distortions," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 7(1), pages 61-96.
    • Handle: RePEc:oup:rfinst:v:7:y:1994:i:1:p:61-96
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    Cited by:

    1. Brunetti, Celso & Harris, Jeffrey H. & Mankad, Shawn & Michailidis, George, 2019. "Interconnectedness in the interbank market," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 133(2), pages 520-538.
    2. Huang, Yajing & Liu, Taoxiong & Lien, Donald, 2023. "Portfolio homogeneity and systemic risk of financial networks," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 248-275.
    3. Carlos León & Javier Miguélez, 2021. "Securities cross-holding in the Colombian financial system: a topological approach," Studies in Economics and Finance, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 38(4), pages 786-806, February.
    4. Cabrales, Antonio; Gale, Douglas; Gottardi, Piero, 2015. "Financial Contagion in Networks," Economics Working Papers ECO2015/01, European University Institute.
    5. I�aki Aldasoro & Ignazio Angeloni, 2015. "Input-output-based measures of systemic importance," Quantitative Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 15(4), pages 589-606, April.
    6. Leonardo dos Santos Pinheiro & Flavio Codeco Coelho, 2016. "Financial contagion in investment funds," Papers 1603.03458, arXiv.org.
    7. Clayton, Matthew J. & Jorgensen, Bjorn N., 2011. "Corporate equity ownership, investment, and product market relationships," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 17(5), pages 1377-1388.
    8. Brett Hemenway & Sanjeev Khanna, 2015. "Sensitivity and Computational Complexity in Financial Networks," Papers 1503.07676, arXiv.org, revised Oct 2016.
    9. Anindya S. Chakrabarti & Sanjay Moorjani, 2021. "Strategic Connections in a Hierarchical Society: Wedge Between Observed and Fundamental Valuations," Dynamic Games and Applications, Springer, vol. 11(3), pages 433-462, September.
    10. Huang, Yajing & Liu, Taoxiong & Lien, Donald, 2017. "Portfolio Homogenization and Systemic Risk of Financial Network," MPRA Paper 82956, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    11. Ms. Yu Shi & Robert M. Townsend & Wu Zhu, 2019. "Internal Capital Markets in Business Groups and the Propagation of Credit Supply Shocks," IMF Working Papers 2019/111, International Monetary Fund.
    12. Korkie, Bob & Nakamura, Masao, 1997. "Block holding and keiretsu in Japan: the effects of capital markets liberalization measures on the stock market," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 16(1), pages 113-140, February.
    13. Matthew Elliott & Benjamin Golub & Matthew O. Jackson, 2014. "Financial Networks and Contagion," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 104(10), pages 3115-3153, October.
    14. Nicodano, Giovanna, 1998. "Corporate groups, dual-class shares and the value of voting rights," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 22(9), pages 1117-1137, September.
    15. Khanna, Tarun & Thomas, Catherine, 2009. "Synchronicity and firm interlocks in an emerging market," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 92(2), pages 182-204, May.

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