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Hostile Resistance to Hedge Fund Activism

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  • Nicole M Boyson
  • Pegaret Pichler

Abstract

When facing hedge fund activists, target firms often fight back. Targets with agency problems and those confronting the threat of investor coordination frequently engage in hostile resistance by implementing governance changes associated with managerial entrenchment. The market negatively responds to hostile resistance, and unless hedge funds counterresist, these campaigns have worse operating performance, faster activist exit, and fewer mergers than do campaigns without hostile target resistance. By contrast, when hedge funds counterresist with proxy fights, lawsuits, or unsolicited tender offers, the impact of hostile target resistance is reversed, and these campaigns have similar outcomes to campaigns without hostile target resistance. Received September 8, 2016; editorial decision March 18, 2018 by Editor Francesca Cornelli.

Suggested Citation

  • Nicole M Boyson & Pegaret Pichler, 2019. "Hostile Resistance to Hedge Fund Activism," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 32(2), pages 771-817.
    • Handle: RePEc:oup:rfinst:v:32:y:2019:i:2:p:771-817.
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    File URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1093/rfs/hhy058
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Josef Bajzik, 2023. "Does Shareholder Activism Have a Long-Lasting Impact on Company Value? A Meta-Analysis," Working Papers 2023/10, Czech National Bank.
    2. Le Lin & Ke Liao & Deren Xie, 2023. "When Investors Speak, Do Firms Listen? The Role of Investors' Dividend‐related Complaints from Online Earnings Communication Conferences," Abacus, Accounting Foundation, University of Sydney, vol. 59(1), pages 32-75, March.
    3. Bajzík, Josef & Havranek, Tomas & Irsova, Zuzana & Novak, Jiri, 2023. "Does Shareholder Activism Create Value? A Meta-Analysis," CEPR Discussion Papers 18233, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    4. Singh, Amanjot, 2022. "Hedge fund activism and trade credit," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 53(C).
    5. Yongqiang Chu & Xinming Li & Daxuan Zhao, 2023. "Gender Diversity: From Wall Street to Main Street," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 188(1), pages 151-168, November.
    6. Chen, Huimin (Amy) & Francis, Bill B. & Shen, Yinjie (Victor) & Wu, Qiang, 2024. "The impact of hedge fund activism on audit pricing," The British Accounting Review, Elsevier, vol. 56(2).
    7. Keusch, Thomas, 2021. "Shareholder Activists and Frictions in the CEO Labor Market," LawFin Working Paper Series 19, Goethe University, Center for Advanced Studies on the Foundations of Law and Finance (LawFin).
    8. Lee, Choonsik, 2021. "Mitigating information imperfections in proxy contests: The effect of dissidents' proxy solicitation," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 69(C).
    9. Bebchuk, Lucian A. & Brav, Alon & Jiang, Wei & Keusch, Thomas, 2020. "Dancing with activists," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 137(1), pages 1-41.
    10. Bajzik, Josef, 2023. "Is the role of shareholder activism in corporate governance overestimated?," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 58(PC).
    11. Josef Bajzik & Tomas Havranek & Zuzana Irsova & Jiri Novak, 2023. "Do Shareholder Activism Announcements Affect Stock Prices? A Meta-Analysis," Working Papers 2023/17, Czech National Bank.
    12. Lucian A. Bebchuk & Alon Brav & Wei Jiang & Thomas Keusch, 2019. "Dancing With Activists," NBER Working Papers 26171, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    13. Aiken, Adam L. & Lee, Choonsik, 2020. "Let's talk sooner rather than later: The strategic communication decisions of activist blockholders," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 62(C).
    14. Guoli Chen & Philipp Meyer‐Doyle & Wei Shi, 2021. "Hedge fund investor activism and human capital loss," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 42(12), pages 2328-2354, December.
    15. Lai, Karen M.Y. & Khedmati, Mehdi & Gul, Ferdinand A. & Mount, Matthew P., 2023. "Making honest men of them: Institutional investors, financial reporting, and the appointment of female directors to all-male boards," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 78(C).
    16. Kim, Sehoon, 2020. "Disappearing Discounts: Hedge Fund Activism in Conglomerates," MPRA Paper 100876, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    17. Saikat Sovan Deb & Huu Nhan Duong & Amanjot Singh & Harminder Singh, 2024. "Does hedge fund activism improve investment efficiency?," Review of Accounting Studies, Springer, vol. 29(3), pages 2551-2577, September.

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