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Commodities as Collateral

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  • Ke Tang
  • Haoxiang Zhu

Abstract

We propose and test a theory of using commodities as collateral for financing. Under capital control and collateral constraint, investors import commodities and pledge them as collateral to earn higher expected returns. Higher collateral demands increase commodity prices and make the inventory–convenience yield relation less negative. Our model illustrates these equilibrium effects and suggests that the violation of covered interest-rate parity is a proxy for collateral demands. Evidence from eight commodities in China and developed markets supports the theoretical predictions. Our findings complement the theory of storage and provide new insights into the financialization of commodity markets. Received July 16, 2015; accepted April 7, 2016 by Editor Stefan Nagel.

Suggested Citation

  • Ke Tang & Haoxiang Zhu, 2016. "Commodities as Collateral," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 29(8), pages 2110-2160.
    • Handle: RePEc:oup:rfinst:v:29:y:2016:i:8:p:2110-2160.
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    File URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1093/rfs/hhw029
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    Cited by:

    1. Chen, Louisa & Verousis, Thanos & Wang, Kai & Zhou, Zhiping, 2023. "Financial stress and commodity price volatility," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 125(C).
    2. Zunxin Zheng & Gaiyan Zhang & Yingzhao Ni, 2024. "Financial regulatory arbitrage and the financialization of commodities," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 44(5), pages 826-853, May.
    3. Yongmin Zhang & Shusheng Ding & Eric Scheffel, 2018. "Policy impact on volatility dynamics in commodity futures markets: Evidence from China," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 38(10), pages 1227-1245, October.
    4. Feng, Ling & Wang, Jieyu, 2023. "Random sources correlations and carbon futures pricing," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 86(C).
    5. Lei Pan & Svetlana Maslyuk-Escobedo & Vinod Mishra, 2019. "Carry Trade Returns and Commodity Prices under Capital and Interest Rate Controls: Empirical Evidence from China," Monash Economics Working Papers 16-18, Monash University, Department of Economics.
    6. Regli, Frederik & Adland, Roar, 2019. "Crude oil contango arbitrage and the floating storage decision," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 122(C), pages 100-118.
    7. Geman, Helyette & Scheiber, Matthias, 2017. "Recent experiences of copper on the Shanghai futures exchange: Some lessons for warehouse monitoring," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 54(C), pages 130-136.
    8. Filippo Natoli, 2021. "Financialization Of Commodities Before And After The Great Financial Crisis," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 35(2), pages 488-511, April.
    9. Michael Pedersen, 2019. "The impact of commodity price shocks in a copper-rich economy: the case of Chile," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 57(4), pages 1291-1318, October.
    10. Su, Chi-Wei & Wang, Xiao-Qing & Zhu, Haotian & Tao, Ran & Moldovan, Nicoleta-Claudia & Lobonţ, Oana-Ramona, 2020. "Testing for multiple bubbles in the copper price: Periodically collapsing behavior," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 65(C).
    11. Filippo Natoli, 2018. "Analyzing the structural transformation of commodity markets: financialization revisited," Questioni di Economia e Finanza (Occasional Papers) 419, Bank of Italy, Economic Research and International Relations Area.
    12. Olle Östensson, 2018. "Misinvoicing in mineral trade: what do we really know?," Mineral Economics, Springer;Raw Materials Group (RMG);Luleå University of Technology, vol. 31(1), pages 77-86, May.
    13. Itay Goldstein & Liyan Yang, 2022. "Commodity Financialization and Information Transmission," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 77(5), pages 2613-2667, October.
    14. Steven D. Baker, 2021. "The Financialization of Storable Commodities," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 67(1), pages 471-499, January.
    15. Jo, Yonghwan & Kim, Jihee & Santos, Francisco, 2022. "The impact of liquidity risk in the Chinese banking system on the global commodity markets," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 23-50.

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