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Liquidity Constraints in the U.S. Housing Market

Author

Listed:
  • Corina Boar
  • Denis Gorea
  • Virgiliu Midrigan

Abstract

We study the severity of liquidity constraints in the U.S. housing market using a life-cycle model with uninsurable idiosyncratic risks in which houses are illiquid, but agents can extract home equity by refinancing their mortgages. The model implies that four-fifths of homeowners are liquidity constrained and willing to pay an average of 13 cents to extract an additional dollar of liquidity from their home. Most homeowners value liquidity for precautionary reasons, anticipating the possibility of income declines and the need to make mortgage payments. The model reproduces well the observed response of consumption to tax rebates and mortgage relief programs and predicts large welfare gains from policies aimed at providing temporary liquidity relief to homeowners.

Suggested Citation

  • Corina Boar & Denis Gorea & Virgiliu Midrigan, 2022. "Liquidity Constraints in the U.S. Housing Market," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 89(3), pages 1120-1154.
    • Handle: RePEc:oup:restud:v:89:y:2022:i:3:p:1120-1154.
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    File URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1093/restud/rdab063
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Bontemps, Christian & Cherbonnier, Frédéric & Magnac, Thierry, 2023. "Reducing transaction taxes on housing in highly regulated economies”," TSE Working Papers 23-1486, Toulouse School of Economics (TSE).
    2. Benjamin L. Collier & Daniel A. Hartley & Benjamin J. Keys & Jing Xian Ng, 2024. "Credit When You Need It," NBER Working Papers 32845, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    3. Myroslav Pidkuyko, 2023. "Heterogeneous Spillovers of Housing Credit Policy," Review of Economic Dynamics, Elsevier for the Society for Economic Dynamics, vol. 51, pages 39-59, December.
    4. Yunho Cho & James Morley & Aarti Singh, 2024. "Did marginal propensities to consume change with the housing boom and bust?," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 39(1), pages 174-199, January.
    5. Myroslav Pidkuyko, 2023. "Heterogeneous Spillovers of Housing Credit Policy," Review of Economic Dynamics, Elsevier for the Society for Economic Dynamics, vol. 51, pages 39-59, December.
    6. DiSalvo, Richard W. & Yu, Jia H., 2023. "Housing Affordability and School Quality in the United States," Journal of Housing Economics, Elsevier, vol. 60(C).
    7. Ong, Rachel & Graham, James & Cigdem, Melek & Phelps, Christopher & Whelan, Stephen, 2023. "Financing first home ownership: modelling policy impacts at market and individual levels," SocArXiv p59te, Center for Open Science.

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