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Agriculture in Eastern Europe

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  • E. Dana Durand

Abstract

I. Overcrowding of the land, 170. — Importance of agricultural problem of eastern Europe. Density of population. Large proportion of rural population; its high density. Low yields. Per capita grain production. II. Consequences as to standard of living and food supply, 174. — Predominantly vegetable diet. Small surplus after supplying wants of producer. Live stock. Prewar grain exports. Reduction of food output during war; continuation of similar causes after war. Widespread food shortage. The Russian famine. III. Prospects for recovery, 180. — Conditions favoring recovery. Importance of political conditions. Increased crops of 1921 except in Russia; exports of food; effect on currency exchange. Probably slower recovery of Russia. IV. Prospect for progress in peasant agriculture, 183. — Vicious circle of overcrowding, poverty, ignorance. Effects of overcrowding on agricultural methods. Shallow plowing. Unsatisfactory crop rotation. Scattered holdings — their explanation and consequences. Mir system. Beneficial effects of democracy. Rapid progress improbable. V. The large estates, 190. — Large-scale operation. Superior efficiency. Polish estates. Agrarian reform — division of estates. Direct gain to peasant overestimated. Measures already taken. Ultimate effects, especially on peasant psychology.

Suggested Citation

  • E. Dana Durand, 1922. "Agriculture in Eastern Europe," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 36(2), pages 169-196.
    • Handle: RePEc:oup:qjecon:v:36:y:1922:i:2:p:169-196.
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    File URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2307/1883478
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    Cited by:

    1. Patrick Webb, 2008. "More Food, But Not Yet Enough: 20th Century Successes in Agriculture Growth and 21st Century Challenges," Working Papers in Food Policy and Nutrition 38, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy.

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