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A Comprehensive Comparison of Quantifications of Intraindividual Variability in Response Times: A Measurement Burst Approach

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  • Robert S StawskiPhD
  • Stuart W S MacDonaldPhD
  • Paul W H BrewsterPhD
  • Elizabeth MunozPhD
  • Eric S CerinoMS
  • Drew W R HallidayMSc

Abstract

ObjectivesTo formally identify and contrast the most commonly-employed quantifications of response time inconsistency (RTI) and elucidate their utility for understanding within-person (WP) and between-person (BP) variation in cognitive function with increasing age.MethodUsing two measurement burst studies of cognitive aging, we systematically identified and computed five RTI quantifications from select disciplines to examine: (a) correlations among RTI quantifications; (b) the distribution of BP and WP variation in RTI; and (c) the comparability of RTI quantifications for predicting attention switching.ResultsComparable patterns were observed across studies. There was significant variation in RTI BP as well as WP across sessions and bursts. Correlations among RTI quantifications were generally strong and positive both WP and BP, except for the coefficient of variation. Independent prediction models indicated that slower mean response time (RT) and greater RTI were associated with slower attention switching both WP and BP. For selecting simultaneous prediction models, collinearity resulted in inflated standard errors and unstable model estimates.DiscussionRTI reflects a novel dimension of performance that is a robust and theoretically informative predictor of BP and WP variation in cognitive function. Among the plenitude of RTI quantifications, not all are interchangeable, nor of comparable predictive utility.

Suggested Citation

  • Robert S StawskiPhD & Stuart W S MacDonaldPhD & Paul W H BrewsterPhD & Elizabeth MunozPhD & Eric S CerinoMS & Drew W R HallidayMSc, 2019. "A Comprehensive Comparison of Quantifications of Intraindividual Variability in Response Times: A Measurement Burst Approach," The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, The Gerontological Society of America, vol. 74(3), pages 397-408.
    • Handle: RePEc:oup:geronb:v:74:y:2019:i:3:p:397-408.
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. John R. Nesselroade & Timothy A. Salthouse, 2004. "Methodological and Theoretical Implications of Intraindividual Variability in Perceptual-Motor Performance," The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, The Gerontological Society of America, vol. 59(2), pages 49-55.
    2. Chandramallika Basak & Paul Verhaeghen, 2011. "Aging and Switching the Focus of Attention in Working Memory: Age Differences in Item Availability But Not in Item Accessibility," The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, The Gerontological Society of America, vol. 66(5), pages 519-526.
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