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Editor's Choice The Road to Egalitaria: Sex Differences in Employment for Parents of Young Children

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  • Kevin Milligan

Abstract

In 1985, Gary Becker predicted employment and childcare sex gaps may ‘disappear or be greatly attenuated in the near future.’ In this article, I examine trends in the employment gap between mothers and fathers of young children over the last 40 years. I review theoretical explanations for the gap, then proceed to analyse the gap empirically in data for Canada, the USA, the UK, and Germany. Substantial closing of the gap in the 1970s and 1980s was followed by stability since then. Evidence from Canada finds childcare subsidies have a bigger impact on the gap than parental leave. (JEL codes: J13, J16, J18, J21).

Suggested Citation

  • Kevin Milligan, 2014. "Editor's Choice The Road to Egalitaria: Sex Differences in Employment for Parents of Young Children," CESifo Economic Studies, CESifo Group, vol. 60(2), pages 257-279.
    • Handle: RePEc:oup:cesifo:v:60:y:2014:i:2:p:257-279.
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    File URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1093/cesifo/ifu008
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Alex Laurin & Kevin Milligan, 2017. "Tax Options for Childcare that Encourage Work, Flexibility, Choice, Fairness and Quality," C.D. Howe Institute Commentary, C.D. Howe Institute, issue 481, May.
    2. Marco Caliendo & Frank M. Fossen & Alexander Kritikos & Miriam Wetter, 2015. "The Gender Gap in Entrepreneurship: Not just a Matter of Personality," CESifo Economic Studies, CESifo Group, vol. 61(1), pages 202-238.
    3. Laura Ravazzini, 2018. "Childcare and maternal part-time employment: a natural experiment using Swiss cantons," Swiss Journal of Economics and Statistics, Springer;Swiss Society of Economics and Statistics, vol. 154(1), pages 1-16, December.

    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • J13 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Fertility; Family Planning; Child Care; Children; Youth
    • J16 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of Gender; Non-labor Discrimination
    • J18 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Public Policy
    • J21 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure

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