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Influence of phenotypic and social traits on dispersal in a family living, tropical bird

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  • Corey E. Tarwater

Abstract

Individual variation in natal dispersal behaviors has extensive ecological and evolutionary consequences. Traits such as offspring sex, age, and body condition may influence dispersal, resulting in a potentially complex suite of associations in traits that can affect fitness. Conceivably, individuals with particular phenotypes may breed in different habitats, thus potentiating the development of geographic variation. Moreover, studies typically underestimate dispersal distance owing to sampling issues and rarely consider the direction of movement, limiting understanding of this important life history stage. I examined the influence of phenotypic and social traits on dispersal distance and direction in a family living bird, the western slaty antshrike (Thamnophilus atrinucha). When accounting for detection probability, juveniles dispersed 1–14 territories and 46–1268 m. The age at dispersal and body mass upon leaving the nest influenced dispersal distance and direction. Older and heavier individuals dispersed shorter distances. Younger individuals dispersed towards comparatively younger forest with a higher density of antshrike territories. Older and heavier offspring may be more competitive and/or have increased experience with the local habitat, increasing their probability of acquiring nearby territories. Contrary to other studies, sex-biased dispersal distance was not observed. Instead, the sexes dispersed in different directions, potentially to reduce the risk of inbreeding. This study revealed the importance of age at dispersal and body mass on variation in dispersal behaviors and highlighted the need to investigate sex biases in dispersal direction.

Suggested Citation

  • Corey E. Tarwater, 2012. "Influence of phenotypic and social traits on dispersal in a family living, tropical bird," Behavioral Ecology, International Society for Behavioral Ecology, vol. 23(6), pages 1242-1249.
    • Handle: RePEc:oup:beheco:v:23:y:2012:i:6:p:1242-1249.
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    File URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1093/beheco/ars108
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Vesa Selonen & Ilpo K. Hanski, 2004. "Young flying squirrels (Pteromys volans) dispersing in fragmented forests," Behavioral Ecology, International Society for Behavioral Ecology, vol. 15(4), pages 564-571, July.
    2. Leo W. Bruinzeel & Martijn van de Pol, 2004. "Site attachment of floaters predicts success in territory acquisition," Behavioral Ecology, International Society for Behavioral Ecology, vol. 15(2), pages 290-296, March.
    3. Eleanor M. Russell & Yoram Yom-Tov & Eli Geffen, 2004. "Extended parental care and delayed dispersal: northern, tropical, and southern passerines compared," Behavioral Ecology, International Society for Behavioral Ecology, vol. 15(5), pages 831-838, September.
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    1. Kat Bebbington & Sjouke A. Kingma & Eleanor A. Fairfield & Lewis G. Spurgin & Jan Komdeur & David S. Richardson, 2017. "Consequences of sibling rivalry vary across life in a passerine bird," Behavioral Ecology, International Society for Behavioral Ecology, vol. 28(2), pages 407-418.

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