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Racial Enclaves and Density Zoning: The Institutionalized Segregation of Racial Minorities in the United States

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  • Jonathan T. Rothwell

Abstract

Previous research on segregation stresses things like urban form and racial preferences as primary causes. The author finds that an institutional force is more important: local land regulation. Using two datasets of land regulations for the largest U.S. metropolitan areas, the results indicate that anti-density regulations are responsible for large portions of the levels and changes in segregation from 1990 to 2000. A hypothetical switch in zoning regimes from the most exclusionary to the most liberal would reduce the equilibrium gap between the most and least segregated Metropolitan Statistical Areas by at least 35% for the ordinary least squares estimates. Copyright 2011, Oxford University Press.

Suggested Citation

  • Jonathan T. Rothwell, 2011. "Racial Enclaves and Density Zoning: The Institutionalized Segregation of Racial Minorities in the United States," American Law and Economics Review, American Law and Economics Association, vol. 13(1), pages 290-358.
    • Handle: RePEc:oup:amlawe:v:13:y:2011:i:1:p:290-358
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    File URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1093/aler/ahq015
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Ahlfeldt, Gabriel M. & Pietrostefani, Elisabetta, 2019. "The economic effects of density: A synthesis," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 111(C), pages 93-107.
    2. Werner Troesken & Randall Walsh, 2017. "Collective Action, White Flight, and the Origins of Formal Segregation Laws," NBER Working Papers 23691, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    3. Gabriel M. Ahfeldt & Elisabetta Pietrostefani, 2017. "The Compact City in Empirical Research: A Quantitative Literature Review," SERC Discussion Papers 0215, Centre for Economic Performance, LSE.
    4. Dustin T. Duncan & Jared Aldstadt & John Whalen & Kellee White & Márcia C. Castro & David R. Williams, 2012. "Space, race, and poverty: Spatial inequalities in walkable neighborhood amenities?," Demographic Research, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany, vol. 26(17), pages 409-448.
    5. Arkangel M. Cordero & Alexander C. Lewis, 2024. "How Does Regional Social Capital Structure the Relationship Between Entrepreneurship, Ethnic Diversity, and Residential Segregation?," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 48(3), pages 788-825, May.
    6. Allison Shertzer & Tate Twinam & Randall P. Walsh, 2016. "Race, Ethnicity, and Discriminatory Zoning," American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, American Economic Association, vol. 8(3), pages 217-246, July.
    7. Ahfeldt, Gabriel M. & Pietrostefani, Elisabetta, 2017. "The compact city in empirical research: A quantitative literature review," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 83638, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    8. Yongheng Deng & Maggie R. Hu & Adrian D. Lee, 2021. "Melting pot or salad bowl: Cultural distance and housing investments," Real Estate Economics, American Real Estate and Urban Economics Association, vol. 49(S1), pages 235-267, March.
    9. Jonathan T. Rothwell & Douglas S. Massey, 2015. "Geographic Effects on Intergenerational Income Mobility," Economic Geography, Clark University, vol. 91(1), pages 83-106, January.
    10. Davis, Jenna, 2021. "How do upzonings impact neighborhood demographic change? Examining the link between land use policy and gentrification in New York City," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 103(C).
    11. Matthew Mleczko & Matthew Desmond, 2023. "Using natural language processing to construct a National Zoning and Land Use Database," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 60(13), pages 2564-2584, October.
    12. Paul E. Carrillo & Jonathan L. Rothbaum, 2016. "Counterfactual Spatial Distributions," Journal of Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 56(5), pages 868-894, November.
    13. Jonathan T. Rothwell, 2012. "The Effects of Racial Segregation on Trust and Volunteering in US Cities," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 49(10), pages 2109-2136, August.
    14. Chunhui Ren, 2020. "A Framework for Explaining Black-White Inequality in Homeownership Sustainability," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 57(4), pages 1297-1321, August.

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