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Specialization and Diversification in Agricultural Transformation: The Case of West Punjab, 1903–92

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  • Takashi Kurosaki

Abstract

In this article, the role of crop specialization and diversification in agricultural transformation is investigated empirically. Changes in aggregate land productivity are associated structurally with inter-crop and inter-district reallocation of land use. Results from a region with the oldest history of agricultural commercialization in developing countries show that cropping patterns of subsistence agriculture changed substantially, with rising concentration of crop acreage in districts with higher and growing productivity. Rapid specialization in crop production was observed at the district level recently, after a phase with sporadic specialization. These changes reflected comparative advantage and contributed to the improvement in aggregate land productivity. Copyright 2003, Oxford University Press.

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  • Takashi Kurosaki, 2003. "Specialization and Diversification in Agricultural Transformation: The Case of West Punjab, 1903–92," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 85(2), pages 372-386.
    • Handle: RePEc:oup:ajagec:v:85:y:2003:i:2:p:372-386
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    File URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1111/1467-8276.00126
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    1. Klasen, Stephan & Meyer, Katrin M. & Dislich, Claudia & Euler, Michael & Faust, Heiko & Gatto, Marcel & Hettig, Elisabeth & Melati, Dian N. & Jaya, I. Nengah Surati & Otten, Fenna & Pérez-Cruzado, Cés, 2016. "Economic and ecological trade-offs of agricultural specialization at different spatial scales," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 122(C), pages 111-120.
    2. Fujie, Takeshi & Senda, Tetsuji, 2019. "Effects of Aggregate Shocks on the Productivity of Farm Households in Prewar Japan," Japanese Journal of Agricultural Economics (formerly Japanese Journal of Rural Economics), Agricultural Economics Society of Japan (AESJ), vol. 21.
    3. Nilsson, Pia, 2017. "Assessing the Role of Land Use Consolidation for Consumption Growth in Rwanda," Working Paper Series in Economics and Institutions of Innovation 455, Royal Institute of Technology, CESIS - Centre of Excellence for Science and Innovation Studies.
    4. Bishnupriya Gupta, 2019. "Falling behind and catching up: India's transition from a colonial economy," Economic History Review, Economic History Society, vol. 72(3), pages 803-827, August.
    5. Khan, Muhammad Fawad & Nakano, Yuko & Kurosaki, Takashi, 2019. "Impact of contract farming on land productivity and income of maize and potato growers in Pakistan," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 85(C), pages 28-39.
    6. Kimenju, Simon C. & Tschirley, David L., 2008. "Agriculture and Livelihood Diversification in Kenyan Rural Households," Working Papers 202614, Egerton University, Tegemeo Institute of Agricultural Policy and Development.
    7. Nilsson, Pia & Bommarco, Riccardo & Hansson, Helena & Kuns, Brian & Schaak, Henning, 2022. "Farm performance and input self-sufficiency increases with functional crop diversity on Swedish farms," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 198(C).
    8. Singh, Amarendra Pratap & Narayanan, Krishnan, 2016. "How can weather affect crop area diversity? Panel data evidence from Andhra Pradesh, a rice growing state of India," Studies in Agricultural Economics, Research Institute for Agricultural Economics, vol. 118(2), pages 1-10, August.
    9. Gupta, Bishnupriya, 2018. "Falling Behind and Catching up: India’s Transition from a Colonial Economy," CEPR Discussion Papers 12581, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    10. Sajjad, Haroon & Prasad, Sandip, 2014. "Analyzing Spatio-temporal Pattern of Crop Diversification in Jalandhar District of Punjab, India," Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, Asian Economic and Social Society (AESS), vol. 4(03), pages 1-15, March.
    11. Huang, Yingying & Tian, Xu, 2019. "Food accessibility, diversity of agricultural production and dietary pattern in rural China," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 84(C), pages 92-102.
    12. Chapoto, A. & Houssou, N. & Asante-Addo, C. & Mabiso, A., 2018. "Can smallholder farmers grow? Perspectives from the rise of indigenous small-scale farmers in Ghana," 2018 Conference, July 28-August 2, 2018, Vancouver, British Columbia 277225, International Association of Agricultural Economists.
    13. Fukase,Emiko & Kim,Yeon Soo & Chiarella,Cristina Andrea, 2022. "Exploring the Sources of the Agricultural Productivity Gender Gap : Evidence from Sri Lanka," Policy Research Working Paper Series 10025, The World Bank.
    14. Kurosaki, Takashi, 2013. "Dynamics of Household Assets and Income Shocks in the Long-run Process of Economic Development: The Case of Rural Pakistan," PRIMCED Discussion Paper Series 39, Institute of Economic Research, Hitotsubashi University.
    15. Chapoto, Antony & Mabiso, Athur & Bonsu, Adwinmea, 2013. "Agricultural commercialization, land expansion, and homegrown land-scale farmers: Insights from Ghana:," IFPRI discussion papers 1286, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
    16. Hayatullah Ahmadzai, 2017. "Status, patterns, and microeconomic drivers of the extent of diversity in crop production: Evidence from Afghanistan," Discussion Papers 2017-07, University of Nottingham, CREDIT.
    17. Nayak, Chittaranjan, 2015. "Rural Infrastructure, Land Productivity and Crop Diversification in Odisha, India: An Assessment," MPRA Paper 87995, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 19 Oct 2017.
    18. Zuberi, Mehwish & Spies, Michael & Nielsen, Jonas Ø., 2024. "Is there a future for smallholder farmers in bioeconomy? The case of ‘improved’ seeds in South Punjab, Pakistan," Forest Policy and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 158(C).

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