IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/oup/ajagec/v64y1982i1p47-55..html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Optimal Expenditures for Agricultural Research and Extension: Implications of Underfunding

Author

Listed:
  • Fred C. White
  • Joseph Havlicek

Abstract

Significant increases in agricultural productivity will be needed for the United States to meet its future food policy goals related to an abundant and stable food supply. The nation's ability to meet this challenge will depend on the level of investment in agricultural research and extension. Each dollar of underfunding relative to the economically efficient level of research and extension expenditures (a) will cost the government $2.56 ($1.50 discounted) if it later makes up for the low investment level or (b) will cost consumers $4.39 ($3.07 discounted) if the government does not make up for the low level of investment.

Suggested Citation

  • Fred C. White & Joseph Havlicek, 1982. "Optimal Expenditures for Agricultural Research and Extension: Implications of Underfunding," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 64(1), pages 47-55.
    • Handle: RePEc:oup:ajagec:v:64:y:1982:i:1:p:47-55.
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.2307/1241171
    Download Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Thirtle, Colin, 1986. "The Production Function Approach to the Relationship Between Productivity Growth and R & D," Manchester Working Papers in Agricultural Economics 232791, University of Manchester, School of Economics, Agricultural Economics Department.
    2. Townsend, Rob F. & van Zyl, Johan, 1998. "Estimation of the rate of return to wine grape research and technology development expenditures in South Africa," Agrekon, Agricultural Economics Association of South Africa (AEASA), vol. 37(2), pages 1-22, June.
    3. Farrington, John & Thirtle, Colin & Henderson, Simon, 1997. "Methodologies for monitoring and evaluating agricultural and natural resources research," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 55(2), pages 273-300, October.
    4. Jean-Paul Chavas & Thomas L. Cox, 1992. "A Nonparametric Analysis of the Influence of Research on Agricultural Productivity," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 74(3), pages 583-591.
    5. Thirtle, C. & Bottomley, P., 1988. "Explaining Total Factor Productivity Change: Returns to R & D in U.K. Agricultural Research," Manchester Working Papers in Agricultural Economics 232809, University of Manchester, School of Economics, Agricultural Economics Department.
    6. Tiffany Shih & Brian Wright, 2011. "Agricultural Innovation," NBER Chapters, in: Accelerating Energy Innovation: Insights from Multiple Sectors, pages 49-85, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    7. Pardey, Philip G. & Alston, Julian M. & Ruttan, Vernon W., 2010. "The Economics of Innovation and Technical Change in Agriculture," Handbook of the Economics of Innovation, in: Bronwyn H. Hall & Nathan Rosenberg (ed.), Handbook of the Economics of Innovation, edition 1, volume 2, chapter 0, pages 939-984, Elsevier.
    8. Bonnen, James T., 1986. "A Century Of Science In Agriculture: Lessons For Science Policy," 1986 Annual Meeting, July 27-30, Reno, Nevada 278406, American Agricultural Economics Association (New Name 2008: Agricultural and Applied Economics Association).
    9. Michael Harris & Alan Lloyd, 1991. "The Returns to Agricultural Research and the Underinvestment Hypothesis ‐ A Survey," Australian Economic Review, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research, vol. 24(3), pages 16-27, July.
    10. David Schimmelpfennig & Colin Thirtle, 1999. "The Internationalization Of Agricultural Technology: Patents, R&D Spillovers, And Their Effects On Productivity In The European Union And United States," Contemporary Economic Policy, Western Economic Association International, vol. 17(4), pages 457-468, October.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:oup:ajagec:v:64:y:1982:i:1:p:47-55.. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    We have no bibliographic references for this item. You can help adding them by using this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Oxford University Press (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/aaeaaea.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.