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An Intangible-Adjusted Book-to-Market Ratio Still Predicts Stock Returns

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  • Hyuna Park

Abstract

The book-to-market ratio has been widely used to explain the cross-sectional variation in stock returns, but the explanatory power is weaker in recent decades than in the 1970s. I argue that the deterioration is related to the growth of intangible assets unrecorded on balance sheets. An intangible-adjusted ratio, capitalizing prior expenditures to develop intangible assets internally and excluding goodwill, outperforms the original ratio significantly. The average annual return on the intangible-adjusted high-minus-low (iHML) portfolio is 5.9% from July 1976 to December 2017 and 6.2% from July 1997 to December 2017, vs. 3.9 and 3.6% for an equivalent HML portfolio.

Suggested Citation

  • Hyuna Park, 2022. "An Intangible-Adjusted Book-to-Market Ratio Still Predicts Stock Returns," Critical Finance Review, now publishers, vol. 11(2), pages 265-297, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:now:jnlcfr:104.00000100
    DOI: 10.1561/104.00000100
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    Cited by:

    1. Gonçalves, Andrei S. & Leonard, Gregory, 2023. "The fundamental-to-market ratio and the value premium decline," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 147(2), pages 382-405.
    2. Yin, Libo & Liao, Huiyi, 2024. "Anatomy of recent value premium's travails," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 94(C).

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Research and development (RD); Goodwill; Price-to-book ratio; Value index fund;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G12 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Asset Pricing; Trading Volume; Bond Interest Rates
    • M41 - Business Administration and Business Economics; Marketing; Accounting; Personnel Economics - - Accounting - - - Accounting
    • O3 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights

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