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Pathogenicity and transmissibility of bovine H5N1 influenza virus

Author

Listed:
  • Amie J. Eisfeld

    (University of Wisconsin-Madison)

  • Asim Biswas

    (University of Wisconsin-Madison)

  • Lizheng Guan

    (University of Wisconsin-Madison)

  • Chunyang Gu

    (University of Wisconsin-Madison)

  • Tadashi Maemura

    (University of Wisconsin-Madison)

  • Sanja Trifkovic

    (University of Wisconsin-Madison)

  • Tong Wang

    (University of Wisconsin-Madison)

  • Lavanya Babujee

    (University of Wisconsin-Madison)

  • Randall Dahn

    (University of Wisconsin-Madison)

  • Peter J. Halfmann

    (University of Wisconsin-Madison)

  • Tera Barnhardt

    (Heritage Vet Partners)

  • Gabriele Neumann

    (University of Wisconsin-Madison)

  • Yasuo Suzuki

    (University of Shizuoka)

  • Alexis Thompson

    (Texas A&M Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory)

  • Amy K. Swinford

    (Texas A&M Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory)

  • Kiril M. Dimitrov

    (Texas A&M Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory)

  • Keith Poulsen

    (University of Wisconsin-Madison)

  • Yoshihiro Kawaoka

    (University of Wisconsin-Madison
    University of Tokyo
    University of Tokyo
    National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute)

Abstract

Highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza (HPAI H5N1) viruses occasionally infect, but typically do not transmit, in mammals. In the spring of 2024, an unprecedented outbreak of HPAI H5N1 in bovine herds occurred in the USA, with virus spread within and between herds, infections in poultry and cats, and spillover into humans, collectively indicating an increased public health risk1–4. Here we characterize an HPAI H5N1 virus isolated from infected cow milk in mice and ferrets. Like other HPAI H5N1 viruses, the bovine H5N1 virus spread systemically, including to the mammary glands of both species, however, this tropism was also observed for an older HPAI H5N1 virus isolate. Bovine HPAI H5N1 virus bound to sialic acids expressed in human upper airways and inefficiently transmitted to exposed ferrets (one of four exposed ferrets seroconverted without virus detection). Bovine HPAI H5N1 virus thus possesses features that may facilitate infection and transmission in mammals.

Suggested Citation

  • Amie J. Eisfeld & Asim Biswas & Lizheng Guan & Chunyang Gu & Tadashi Maemura & Sanja Trifkovic & Tong Wang & Lavanya Babujee & Randall Dahn & Peter J. Halfmann & Tera Barnhardt & Gabriele Neumann & Ya, 2024. "Pathogenicity and transmissibility of bovine H5N1 influenza virus," Nature, Nature, vol. 633(8029), pages 426-432, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:nature:v:633:y:2024:i:8029:d:10.1038_s41586-024-07766-6
    DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07766-6
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    Cited by:

    1. Marcela M. Uhart & Ralph E. T. Vanstreels & Martha I. Nelson & Valeria Olivera & Julieta Campagna & Victoria Zavattieri & Philippe Lemey & Claudio Campagna & Valeria Falabella & Agustina Rimondi, 2024. "Epidemiological data of an influenza A/H5N1 outbreak in elephant seals in Argentina indicates mammal-to-mammal transmission," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-14, December.

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