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Mechanisms of calcium homeostasis orchestrate plant growth and immunity

Author

Listed:
  • Chao Wang

    (University of California, Berkeley)

  • Ren-Jie Tang

    (University of California, Berkeley)

  • Senhao Kou

    (University of California, Berkeley)

  • Xiaoshu Xu

    (Stanford University)

  • Yi Lu

    (University of California, Berkeley)

  • Kenda Rauscher

    (University of California, Berkeley)

  • Angela Voelker

    (University of California, Berkeley)

  • Sheng Luan

    (University of California, Berkeley)

Abstract

Calcium (Ca2+) is an essential nutrient for plants and a cellular signal, but excessive levels can be toxic and inhibit growth1,2. To thrive in dynamic environments, plants must monitor and maintain cytosolic Ca2+ homeostasis by regulating numerous Ca2+ transporters3. Here we report two signalling pathways in Arabidopsis thaliana that converge on the activation of vacuolar Ca2+/H+ exchangers (CAXs) to scavenge excess cytosolic Ca2+ in plants. One mechanism, activated in response to an elevated external Ca2+ level, entails calcineurin B-like (CBL) Ca2+ sensors and CBL-interacting protein kinases (CIPKs), which activate CAXs by phosphorylating a serine (S) cluster in the auto-inhibitory domain. The second pathway, triggered by molecular patterns associated with microorganisms, engages the immune receptor complex FLS2–BAK1 and the associated cytoplasmic kinases BIK1 and PBL1, which phosphorylate the same S-cluster in CAXs to modulate Ca2+ signals in immunity. These Ca2+-dependent (CBL–CIPK) and Ca2+-independent (FLS2–BAK1–BIK1/PBL1) mechanisms combine to balance plant growth and immunity by regulating cytosolic Ca2+ homeostasis.

Suggested Citation

  • Chao Wang & Ren-Jie Tang & Senhao Kou & Xiaoshu Xu & Yi Lu & Kenda Rauscher & Angela Voelker & Sheng Luan, 2024. "Mechanisms of calcium homeostasis orchestrate plant growth and immunity," Nature, Nature, vol. 627(8003), pages 382-388, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:nature:v:627:y:2024:i:8003:d:10.1038_s41586-024-07100-0
    DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07100-0
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