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Pyramidal neuron subtype diversity governs microglia states in the neocortex

Author

Listed:
  • Jeffrey A. Stogsdill

    (Harvard University
    Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard)

  • Kwanho Kim

    (Harvard University
    Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard
    Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard)

  • Loïc Binan

    (Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard
    Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard)

  • Samouil L. Farhi

    (Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard
    Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard)

  • Joshua Z. Levin

    (Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard
    Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard)

  • Paola Arlotta

    (Harvard University
    Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard)

Abstract

Microglia are specialized macrophages in the brain parenchyma that exist in multiple transcriptional states and reside within a wide range of neuronal environments1–4. However, how and where these states are generated remains poorly understood. Here, using the mouse somatosensory cortex, we demonstrate that microglia density and molecular state acquisition are determined by the local composition of pyramidal neuron classes. Using single-cell and spatial transcriptomic profiling, we unveil the molecular signatures and spatial distributions of diverse microglia populations and show that certain states are enriched in specific cortical layers, whereas others are broadly distributed throughout the cortex. Notably, conversion of deep-layer pyramidal neurons to an alternate class identity reconfigures the distribution of local, layer-enriched homeostatic microglia to match the new neuronal niche. Leveraging the transcriptional diversity of pyramidal neurons in the neocortex, we construct a ligand–receptor atlas describing interactions between individual pyramidal neuron subtypes and microglia states, revealing rules of neuron–microglia communication. Our findings uncover a fundamental role for neuronal diversity in instructing the acquisition of microglia states as a potential mechanism for fine-tuning neuroimmune interactions within the cortical local circuitry.

Suggested Citation

  • Jeffrey A. Stogsdill & Kwanho Kim & Loïc Binan & Samouil L. Farhi & Joshua Z. Levin & Paola Arlotta, 2022. "Pyramidal neuron subtype diversity governs microglia states in the neocortex," Nature, Nature, vol. 608(7924), pages 750-756, August.
  • Handle: RePEc:nat:nature:v:608:y:2022:i:7924:d:10.1038_s41586-022-05056-7
    DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05056-7
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    Cited by:

    1. Haven Tillmon & Breeanne M. Soteros & Liang Shen & Qifei Cong & Mackenna Wollet & Julianne General & Hanna Chin & John Beichen Lee & Flavia R. Carreno & David A. Morilak & Jun Hee Kim & Gek Ming Sia, 2024. "Complement and microglia activation mediate stress-induced synapse loss in layer 2/3 of the medial prefrontal cortex in male mice," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-17, December.

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