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Signature of long-lived memory CD8+ T cells in acute SARS-CoV-2 infection

Author

Listed:
  • Sarah Adamo

    (University Hospital Zurich)

  • Jan Michler

    (ETH Zurich)

  • Yves Zurbuchen

    (University Hospital Zurich)

  • Carlo Cervia

    (University Hospital Zurich)

  • Patrick Taeschler

    (University Hospital Zurich)

  • Miro E. Raeber

    (University Hospital Zurich)

  • Simona Baghai Sain

    (ETH Zurich)

  • Jakob Nilsson

    (University Hospital Zurich)

  • Andreas E. Moor

    (ETH Zurich)

  • Onur Boyman

    (University Hospital Zurich
    University of Zurich)

Abstract

Immunological memory is a hallmark of adaptive immunity and facilitates an accelerated and enhanced immune response upon re-infection with the same pathogen1,2. Since the outbreak of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, a key question has focused on which SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells stimulated during acute infection give rise to long-lived memory T cells3. Here, using spectral flow cytometry combined with cellular indexing of transcriptomes and T cell receptor sequencing, we longitudinally characterized individual SARS-CoV-2-specific CD8+ T cells of patients with COVID-19 from acute infection to 1 year into recovery and found a distinct signature identifying long-lived memory CD8+ T cells. SARS-CoV-2-specific memory CD8+ T cells persisting 1 year after acute infection express CD45RA, IL-7 receptor-α and T cell factor 1, but they maintain low expression of CCR7, thus resembling CD45RA+ effector memory T cells. Tracking individual clones of SARS-CoV-2-specific CD8+ T cells, we reveal that an interferon signature marks clones that give rise to long-lived cells, whereas prolonged proliferation and mechanistic target of rapamycin signalling are associated with clonal disappearance from the blood. Collectively, we describe a transcriptional signature that marks long-lived, circulating human memory CD8+ T cells following an acute viral infection.

Suggested Citation

  • Sarah Adamo & Jan Michler & Yves Zurbuchen & Carlo Cervia & Patrick Taeschler & Miro E. Raeber & Simona Baghai Sain & Jakob Nilsson & Andreas E. Moor & Onur Boyman, 2022. "Signature of long-lived memory CD8+ T cells in acute SARS-CoV-2 infection," Nature, Nature, vol. 602(7895), pages 148-155, February.
  • Handle: RePEc:nat:nature:v:602:y:2022:i:7895:d:10.1038_s41586-021-04280-x
    DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04280-x
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    Cited by:

    1. Cecily Choy & Joseph Chen & Jiangyuan Li & D. Travis Gallagher & Jian Lu & Daichao Wu & Ainslee Zou & Humza Hemani & Beverly A. Baptiste & Emily Wichmann & Qian Yang & Jeffrey Ciffelo & Rui Yin & Juli, 2023. "SARS-CoV-2 infection establishes a stable and age-independent CD8+ T cell response against a dominant nucleocapsid epitope using restricted T cell receptors," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-19, December.

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