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Liquid-induced topological transformations of cellular microstructures

Author

Listed:
  • Shucong Li

    (Harvard University)

  • Bolei Deng

    (Harvard University)

  • Alison Grinthal

    (Harvard University)

  • Alyssha Schneider-Yamamura

    (Harvard University)

  • Jinliang Kang

    (Harvard University)

  • Reese S. Martens

    (Harvard University)

  • Cathy T. Zhang

    (Harvard University)

  • Jian Li

    (Harvard University)

  • Siqin Yu

    (Harvard University)

  • Katia Bertoldi

    (Harvard University)

  • Joanna Aizenberg

    (Harvard University
    Harvard University)

Abstract

The fundamental topology of cellular structures—the location, number and connectivity of nodes and compartments—can profoundly affect their acoustic1–4, electrical5, chemical6,7, mechanical8–10 and optical11 properties, as well as heat1,12, fluid13,14 and particle transport15. Approaches that harness swelling16–18, electromagnetic actuation19,20 and mechanical instabilities21–23 in cellular materials have enabled a variety of interesting wall deformations and compartment shape alterations, but the resulting structures generally preserve the defining connectivity features of the initial topology. Achieving topological transformation presents a distinct challenge for existing strategies: it requires complex reorganization, repacking, and coordinated bending, stretching and folding, particularly around each node, where elastic resistance is highest owing to connectivity. Here we introduce a two-tiered dynamic strategy that achieves systematic reversible transformations of the fundamental topology of cellular microstructures, which can be applied to a wide range of materials and geometries. Our approach requires only exposing the structure to a selected liquid that is able to first infiltrate and plasticize the material at the molecular scale, and then, upon evaporation, form a network of localized capillary forces at the architectural scale that ‘zip’ the edges of the softened lattice into a new topological structure, which subsequently restiffens and remains kinetically trapped. Reversibility is induced by applying a mixture of liquids that act separately at the molecular and architectural scales (thus offering modular temporal control over the softening–evaporation–stiffening sequence) to restore the original topology or provide access to intermediate modes. Guided by a generalized theoretical model that connects cellular geometries, material stiffness and capillary forces, we demonstrate programmed reversible topological transformations of various lattice geometries and responsive materials that undergo fast global or localized deformations. We then harness dynamic topologies to develop active surfaces with information encryption, selective particle trapping and bubble release, as well as tunable mechanical, chemical and acoustic properties.

Suggested Citation

  • Shucong Li & Bolei Deng & Alison Grinthal & Alyssha Schneider-Yamamura & Jinliang Kang & Reese S. Martens & Cathy T. Zhang & Jian Li & Siqin Yu & Katia Bertoldi & Joanna Aizenberg, 2021. "Liquid-induced topological transformations of cellular microstructures," Nature, Nature, vol. 592(7854), pages 386-391, April.
  • Handle: RePEc:nat:nature:v:592:y:2021:i:7854:d:10.1038_s41586-021-03404-7
    DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03404-7
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Brigitta Dúzs & Oliver Skarsetz & Giorgio Fusi & Claudius Lupfer & Andreas Walther, 2024. "Mechano-adaptive meta-gels through synergistic chemical and physical information-processing," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-10, December.
    2. Lei Wu & Damiano Pasini, 2024. "Zero modes activation to reconcile floppiness, rigidity, and multistability into an all-in-one class of reprogrammable metamaterials," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-13, December.
    3. Zhou Hu & Zhibo Wei & Kun Wang & Yan Chen & Rui Zhu & Guoliang Huang & Gengkai Hu, 2023. "Engineering zero modes in transformable mechanical metamaterials," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-9, December.
    4. Neng Xia & Dongdong Jin & Chengfeng Pan & Jiachen Zhang & Zhengxin Yang & Lin Su & Jinsheng Zhao & Liu Wang & Li Zhang, 2022. "Dynamic morphological transformations in soft architected materials via buckling instability encoded heterogeneous magnetization," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-15, December.
    5. Shahram Janbaz & Corentin Coulais, 2024. "Diffusive kinks turn kirigami into machines," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-9, December.

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