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Commensal-driven immune zonation of the liver promotes host defence

Author

Listed:
  • Anita Gola

    (National Institutes of Health
    The Rockefeller University)

  • Michael G. Dorrington

    (National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health)

  • Emily Speranza

    (National Institutes of Health
    Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health)

  • Claudia Sala

    (University of Bologna)

  • Rochelle M. Shih

    (National Institutes of Health)

  • Andrea J. Radtke

    (National Institutes of Health)

  • Harikesh S. Wong

    (National Institutes of Health)

  • Antonio P. Baptista

    (National Institutes of Health
    VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research
    Ghent University)

  • Jonathan M. Hernandez

    (National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health)

  • Gastone Castellani

    (University of Bologna)

  • Iain D. C. Fraser

    (National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health)

  • Ronald N. Germain

    (National Institutes of Health)

Abstract

The liver connects the intestinal portal vasculature with the general circulation, using a diverse array of immune cells to protect from pathogens that translocate from the gut1. In liver lobules, blood flows from portal triads that are situated in periportal lobular regions to the central vein via a polarized sinusoidal network. Despite this asymmetry, resident immune cells in the liver are considered to be broadly dispersed across the lobule. This differs from lymphoid organs, in which immune cells adopt spatially biased positions to promote effective host defence2,3. Here we used quantitative multiplex imaging, genetic perturbations, transcriptomics, infection-based assays and mathematical modelling to reassess the relationship between the localization of immune cells in the liver and host protection. We found that myeloid and lymphoid resident immune cells concentrate around periportal regions. This asymmetric localization was not developmentally controlled, but resulted from sustained MYD88-dependent signalling induced by commensal bacteria in liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, which in turn regulated the composition of the pericellular matrix involved in the formation of chemokine gradients. In vivo experiments and modelling showed that this immune spatial polarization was more efficient than a uniform distribution in protecting against systemic bacterial dissemination. Together, these data reveal that liver sinusoidal endothelial cells sense the microbiome, actively orchestrating the localization of immune cells, to optimize host defence.

Suggested Citation

  • Anita Gola & Michael G. Dorrington & Emily Speranza & Claudia Sala & Rochelle M. Shih & Andrea J. Radtke & Harikesh S. Wong & Antonio P. Baptista & Jonathan M. Hernandez & Gastone Castellani & Iain D., 2021. "Commensal-driven immune zonation of the liver promotes host defence," Nature, Nature, vol. 589(7840), pages 131-136, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:nature:v:589:y:2021:i:7840:d:10.1038_s41586-020-2977-2
    DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2977-2
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    Cited by:

    1. Panpan Tian & Wenwen Yang & Xiaowei Guo & Tixiao Wang & Siyu Tan & Renhui Sun & Rong Xiao & Yuzhen Wang & Deyan Jiao & Yachen Xu & Yanfei Wei & Zhuanchang Wu & Chunyang Li & Lifen Gao & Chunhong Ma & , 2023. "Early life gut microbiota sustains liver-resident natural killer cells maturation via the butyrate-IL-18 axis," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-16, December.
    2. Kieran English & Rain Kwan & Lauren E. Holz & Claire McGuffog & Jelte M. M. Krol & Daryan Kempe & Tsuneyasu Kaisho & William R. Heath & Leszek Lisowski & Maté Biro & Geoffrey W. McCaughan & David G. B, 2024. "A hepatic network of dendritic cells mediates CD4 T cell help outside lymphoid organs," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-17, December.
    3. Kristina Handler & Karsten Bach & Costanza Borrelli & Salvatore Piscuoglio & Xenia Ficht & Ilhan E. Acar & Andreas E. Moor, 2023. "Fragment-sequencing unveils local tissue microenvironments at single-cell resolution," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-17, December.

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